Linux VIM
VIM的特点
优点：
- 速度比较快；
- 硬件要求低；
- 任务自动化/脚本化；
- 远程调试修改代码;
- 快速支持新型语言；
- 快速采纳新的开发模式；
缺点：
- 上手难度高，学习曲线陡峭；
VIM 的模式
- 插入模式
- 一般模式（普通模式）
- 命令模式
- 可视模式
基础操作
需求导向：
- 光标移动；
- 上下左右；
- w
- e
- G
- 22G（nG)
- :22(:n)
- gg
- 0
- $
- 写入；
- i
- a
- A
- o
- O
- ce
- cw
- c$
- r
- R（替换模式）
- w
- 复制；
- y
- yy
- 5yy
- vy
- 删除；
- dw
- d$
- de
- dd
- d5d
- 粘贴；
- p
- 退回与重做
- u
- U
- CTRL+R
- 文件信息；
- CTRL+G
- 快速查找与替换；
- /
- ?
- n
- N
- CTRL+O
- CTRL+I
-
- %
- 😒/a/b/
- 😒/a/b/g
- :%s/a/b
- :%s/a/b/g
- :1,3s/a/b/
- :1,3s/a/b/g
- 其他
- !dir
- !ls
- v w
- r
- set number
- help
- 分割窗口；
- split(sp)
- vsplit
- close
- only
- 个性化配置.vimrc；
- ~/.vimrc
- /etc/vim/vimrc
- 加入插件；
- vbundle
- NERDTree
- o 打开关闭文件或者目录
- t 在标签页中打开
- T 在后台标签页中打开
- ! 执行此文件
- p 到上层目录
- P 到根目录
- K 到第一个节点
- J 到最后一个节点
- u 打开上层目录
- m 显示文件系统菜单（添加、删除、移动操作）
- ? 帮助
- q 关闭
Copied from vimtutor. ``` ^ k Hint: The h key is at the left and moves left. < h l > The l key is at the right and moves right. j The j key looks like a down arrow. v
^
< h j k l >
v
Lesson 1 SUMMARY
1. The cursor is moved using either the arrow keys or the hjkl keys.
h (left) j (down) k (up) l (right)
2. To start Vim from the shell prompt type: vim FILENAME <ENTER>
3. To exit Vim type: <ESC> :q! <ENTER> to trash all changes.
OR type: <ESC> :wq <ENTER> to save the changes.
4. To delete the character at the cursor type: x
5. To insert or append text type:
i type inserted text <ESC> insert before the cursor
A type appended text <ESC> append after the line
NOTE: Pressing <ESC> will place you in Normal mode or will cancel
an unwanted and partially completed command.
```
```
Lesson 2 SUMMARY
-
To delete from the cursor up to the next word type: dw
-
To delete from the cursor to the end of a line type: d$
-
To delete a whole line type: dd
-
To repeat a motion prepend it with a number: 2w
-
The format for a change command is:
operator [number] motion
where:
operator - is what to do, such as d for delete
[number] - is an optional count to repeat the motion
motion - moves over the text to operate on, such as w (word),
$ (to the end of line), etc. -
To move to the start of the line use a zero: 0
-
To undo previous actions, type: u (lowercase u)
To undo all the changes on a line, type: U (capital U)
To undo the undo’s, type: CTRL-R
Lesson 3 SUMMARY
1. To put back text that has just been deleted, type p . This puts the
deleted text AFTER the cursor (if a line was deleted it will go on the
line below the cursor).
2. To replace the character under the cursor, type r and then the
character you want to have there.
3. The change operator allows you to change from the cursor to where the
motion takes you. eg. Type ce to change from the cursor to the end of
the word, c$ to change to the end of a line.
4. The format for change is:
c [number] motion
Now go on to the next lesson.
```
```
Lesson 4 SUMMARY
-
CTRL-G displays your location in the file and the file status.
G moves to the end of the file.
number G moves to that line number.
gg moves to the first line. -
Typing / followed by a phrase searches FORWARD for the phrase.
Typing ? followed by a phrase searches BACKWARD for the phrase.
After a search type n to find the next occurrence in the same direction
or N to search in the opposite direction.
CTRL-O takes you back to older positions, CTRL-I to newer positions. -
Typing % while the cursor is on a (,),[,],{, or } goes to its match.
-
To substitute new for the first old in a line type 😒/old/new
To substitute new for all 'old’s on a line type 😒/old/new/g
To substitute phrases between two line #'s type :#,#s/old/new/g
To substitute all occurrences in the file type :%s/old/new/g
To ask for confirmation each time add ‘c’ :%s/old/new/gc
Lesson 5 SUMMARY
1. :!command executes an external command.
Some useful examples are:
(MS-DOS) (Unix)
:!dir :!ls - shows a directory listing.
:!del FILENAME :!rm FILENAME - removes file FILENAME.
2. :w FILENAME writes the current Vim file to disk with name FILENAME.
3. v motion :w FILENAME saves the Visually selected lines in file
FILENAME.
4. :r FILENAME retrieves disk file FILENAME and puts it below the
cursor position.
5. :r !dir reads the output of the dir command and puts it below the
cursor position.
```
```
Lesson 6 SUMMARY
-
Type o to open a line BELOW the cursor and start Insert mode.
Type O to open a line ABOVE the cursor. -
Type a to insert text AFTER the cursor.
Type A to insert text after the end of the line. -
The e command moves to the end of a word.
-
The y operator yanks (copies) text, p puts (pastes) it.
-
Typing a capital R enters Replace mode until is pressed.
-
Typing “:set xxx” sets the option “xxx”. Some options are:
‘ic’ ‘ignorecase’ ignore upper/lower case when searching
‘is’ ‘incsearch’ show partial matches for a search phrase
‘hls’ ‘hlsearch’ highlight all matching phrases
You can either use the long or the short option name. -
Prepend “no” to switch an option off: :set noic
Lesson 7 SUMMARY
1. Type :help or press <F1> or <Help> to open a help window.
2. Type :help cmd to find help on cmd .
3. Type CTRL-W CTRL-W to jump to another window
4. Type :q to close the help window
5. Create a vimrc startup script to keep your preferred settings.
6. When typing a : command, press CTRL-D to see possible completions.
Press <TAB> to use one completion.
```
<br />
<br />VIM 分割界面<br />
<br />
<br />VIM 插件<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />VIM 个性化：<br />
<br />
<br />配置位置
```
~/.vimrc # 个人文件
/etc/vim/vimrc # 全局文件
```
```
"=========================================================================
"
"" DesCRiption: 适合自己使用的vimrc文件，for Linux/Windows, GUI/Console
"
""=========================================================================
syntax on "自动语法高亮
"winpos 5 5 " 设定窗口位置
"set lines=40 columns=155 " 设定窗口大小
"set nu " 显示行号
set go= " 不要图形按钮
"color asmanian2 " 设置背景主题
set guifont=Courier_New:h10:cANSI " 设置字体
"syntax on " 语法高亮
"autocmd InsertLeave * se nocul " 用浅色高亮当前行
"autocmd InsertEnter * se cul " 用浅色高亮当前行
"set ruler " 显示标尺
set showcmd " 输入的命令显示出来，看的清楚些
"set cmdheight=1 " 命令行（在状态行下）的高度，设置为1
"set whichwrap+=<,>,h,l " 允许backspace和光标键跨越行边界(不建议)
"set scrolloff=3 " 光标移动到buffer的顶部和底部时保持3行距离
set novisualbell " 不要闪烁(不明白)
"set statusline=%F%m%r%h%w\ [FORMAT=%{&ff}]\ [TYPE=%Y]\ [POS=%l,%v][%p%%]\ %{strftime(\"%d/%m/%y\ -\ %H:%M\")} "状态行显示的内容
"set laststatus=1 " 启动显示状态行(1),总是显示状态行(2)
set foldenable " 允许折叠
set foldmethod=manual " 手动折叠
"set background=dark "背景使用黑色
set nocompatible "去掉讨厌的有关vi一致性模式，避免以前版本的一些bug和局限
" 显示中文帮助
if version >= 603
set helplang=cn
set encoding=utf-8
endif
" 设置配色方案
"colorscheme murphy
"字体
"if (has("gui_running"))
" set guifont=Bitstream\ Vera\ Sans\ Mono\ 10
"endif
set fencs=utf-8,ucs-bom,shift-jis,gb18030,gbk,gb2312,cp936
set termencoding=utf-8
set encoding=utf-8
set fileencodings=ucs-bom,utf-8,cp936
set fileencoding=utf-8"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
"""""新文件标题""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
"新建.c,.h,.sh,.java文件，自动插入文件头
autocmd BufNewFile *.cpp,*.[ch],*.sh,*.java exec ":call SetTitle()"
""定义函数SetTitle，自动插入文件头
func SetTitle()
"如果文件类型为.sh文件
if &filetype == 'sh'
call setline(1,"\#########################################################################")
call append(line("."), "\# File Name: ".expand("%"))
call append(line(".")+1, "\# Author: 冷倾殇")
call append(line(".")+2, "\# mail: 1500428751@qq.com")
call append(line(".")+3, "\# Created Time: ".strftime("%c"))
call append(line(".")+4, "\#########################################################################")
call append(line(".")+5, "\#!/bin/bash")
call append(line(".")+6, "")
else
call setline(1, "/*************************************************************************")
call append(line("."), " > File Name: ".expand("%"))
call append(line(".")+1, " > Author: 冷倾殇")
call append(line(".")+2, " > Mail: 1500428751@qq.com ")
call append(line(".")+3, " > Created Time: ".strftime("%c"))
call append(line(".")+4, " ************************************************************************/")
call append(line(".")+5, "")
endif
" if &filetype == 'cpp'
" call append(line(".")+6, "#include<iostream>")
" call append(line(".")+7, "using namespace std;")
" call append(line(".")+8, "")
" endif
" if &filetype == 'c'
" call append(line(".")+6, "#include<stdio.h>")
" call append(line(".")+7, "")
" endif
"新建文件后，自动定位到文件末尾
autocmd BufNewFile * normal G
endfunc
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
"键盘命令
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
nmap <leader>w :w!<cr>
nmap <leader>f :find<cr>
" 映射全选+复制 ctrl+a
map <C-A> ggVGY
map! <C-A> <Esc>ggVGY
map <F12> gg=G
" 选中状态下 Ctrl+c 复制
vmap <C-c> "+y
"去空行
nnoremap <F2> :g/^\s*$/d<CR>
"比较文件
nnoremap <C-F2> :vert diffsplit
"新建标签
map <M-F2> :tabnew<CR>
"列出当前目录文件
map <F3> :tabnew .<CR>
"打开树状文件目录
map <C-F3> \be
"C，C++ 按F5编译运行
map <F5> :call CompileRunGcc()<CR>
func! CompileRunGcc()
exec "w"
if &filetype == 'c'
exec "!g++ % -o %<"
exec "! ./%<"
elseif &filetype == 'cpp'
exec "!g++ % -o %<"
exec "! ./%<"
elseif &filetype == 'java'
exec "!javac %"
exec "!java %<"
elseif &filetype == 'sh'
:!./%
endif
endfunc
"C,C++的调试
map <F8> :call Rungdb()<CR>
func! Rungdb()
exec "w"
exec "!g++ % -g -o %<"
exec "!gdb ./%<"
endfunc
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
""实用设置
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" 设置当文件被改动时自动载入
set autoread
" quickfix模式
autocmd FileType c,cpp map <buffer> <leader><space> :w<cr>:make<cr>
"代码补全
set completeopt=preview,menu
"允许插件
filetype plugin on
"共享剪贴板
set clipboard+=unnamed
"从不备份
set nobackup
"make 运行
:set makeprg=g++\ -Wall\ \ %
"自动保存
set autowrite
"set ruler " 打开状态栏标尺
set cursorline " 突出显示当前行
set magic " 设置魔术
set guioptions-=T " 隐藏工具栏
set guioptions-=m " 隐藏菜单栏
"set statusline=\ %<%F[%1*%M%*%n%R%H]%=\ %y\ %0(%{&fileformat}\ %{&encoding}\ %c:%l/%L%)\
" 设置在状态行显示的信息
set foldcolumn=0
set foldmethod=indent
set foldlevel=3
set foldenable " 开始折叠
" 不要使用vi的键盘模式，而是vim自己的
set nocompatible
" 语法高亮
set syntax=on
" 去掉输入错误的提示声音
set noeb
" 在处理未保存或只读文件的时候，弹出确认
set confirm
" 自动缩进
set autoindent
set cindent
" Tab键的宽度
set tabstop=4
" 统一缩进为4
set softtabstop=4
set shiftwidth=4
" 不要用空格代替制表符
set noexpandtab
" 在行和段开始处使用制表符
set smarttab
" 显示行号
set number
" 历史记录数
set history=1000
"禁止生成临时文件
set nobackup
set noswapfile
"搜索忽略大小写
set ignorecase
"搜索逐字符高亮
set hlsearch
set incsearch
"行内替换
set gdefault
"编码设置
set enc=utf-8
set fencs=utf-8,ucs-bom,shift-jis,gb18030,gbk,gb2312,cp936
"语言设置
set langmenu=zh_CN.UTF-8
set helplang=cn
" 我的状态行显示的内容（包括文件类型和解码）
"set statusline=%F%m%r%h%w\ [FORMAT=%{&ff}]\ [TYPE=%Y]\ [POS=%l,%v][%p%%]\ %{strftime(\"%d/%m/%y\ -\ %H:%M\")}
"set statusline=[%F]%y%r%m%*%=[Line:%l/%L,Column:%c][%p%%]
" 总是显示状态行
"set laststatus=2
" 命令行（在状态行下）的高度，默认为1，这里是2
set cmdheight=2
" 侦测文件类型
filetype on
" 载入文件类型插件
filetype plugin on
" 为特定文件类型载入相关缩进文件
filetype indent on
" 保存全局变量
set viminfo+=!
" 带有如下符号的单词不要被换行分割
set iskeyword+=_,$,@,%,#,-
" 字符间插入的像素行数目
set linespace=0
" 增强模式中的命令行自动完成操作
set wildmenu
" 使回格键（backspace）正常处理indent, eol, start等
set backspace=2
" 允许backspace和光标键跨越行边界
set whichwrap+=<,>,h,l
" 可以在buffer的任何地方使用鼠标（类似office中在工作区双击鼠标定位）
set mouse=a
set selection=exclusive
set selectmode=mouse,key
" 通过使用: commands命令，告诉我们文件的哪一行被改变过
set report=0
" 在被分割的窗口间显示空白，便于阅读
set fillchars=vert:\ ,stl:\ ,stlnc:\
" 高亮显示匹配的括号
set showmatch
" 匹配括号高亮的时间（单位是十分之一秒）
set matchtime=1
" 光标移动到buffer的顶部和底部时保持3行距离
set scrolloff=3
" 为C程序提供自动缩进
set smartindent
" 高亮显示普通txt文件（需要txt.vim脚本）
au BufRead,BufNewFile * setfiletype txt
"自动补全
:inoremap ( ()<ESC>i
:inoremap ) <c-r>=ClosePair(')')<CR>
:inoremap { {<CR>}<ESC>O
:inoremap } <c-r>=ClosePair('}')<CR>
:inoremap [ []<ESC>i
:inoremap ] <c-r>=ClosePair(']')<CR>
:inoremap " ""<ESC>i
:inoremap ' ''<ESC>i
function! ClosePair(char)
if getline('.')[col('.') - 1] == a:char
return "\<Right>"
else
return a:char
endif
endfunction
filetype plugin indent on
"打开文件类型检测, 加了这句才可以用智能补全
set completeopt=longest,menu
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" CTags的设定
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
let Tlist_Sort_Type = "name" " 按照名称排序
let Tlist_Use_Right_Window = 1 " 在右侧显示窗口
let Tlist_Compart_Format = 1 " 压缩方式
let Tlist_Exist_OnlyWindow = 1 " 如果只有一个buffer，kill窗口也kill掉buffer
let Tlist_File_Fold_Auto_Close = 0 " 不要关闭其他文件的tags
let Tlist_Enable_Fold_Column = 0 " 不要显示折叠树
autocmd FileType java set tags+=D:\tools\java\tags
"autocmd FileType h,cpp,cc,c set tags+=D:\tools\cpp\tags
"let Tlist_Show_One_File=1 "不同时显示多个文件的tag，只显示当前文件的
"设置tags
set tags=tags
"set autochdir
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
"其他东东
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
"默认打开Taglist
let Tlist_Auto_Open=1
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" Tag list (ctags)
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
let Tlist_Ctags_Cmd = '/usr/bin/ctags'
let Tlist_Show_One_File = 1 "不同时显示多个文件的tag，只显示当前文件的
let Tlist_Exit_OnlyWindow = 1 "如果taglist窗口是最后一个窗口，则退出vim
let Tlist_Use_Right_Window = 1 "在右侧窗口中显示taglist窗口
" minibufexpl插件的一般设置
let g:miniBufExplMapWindowNavVim = 1
let g:miniBufExplMapWindowNavArrows = 1
let g:miniBufExplMapCTabSwitchBufs = 1
let g:miniBufExplModSelTarget = 1
```
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