简介
暴力破解或称为穷举法,是一种针对于密码的破译方法,即将密码进行逐个推算直到找出真正的密码为止。例如一个已知是四位并且全部由数字组成的密码,其可能共有10000种组合,因此最多尝试10000次就能找到正确的密码。理论上利用这种方法可以破解任何一种密码,问题只在于如何缩短试误时间。有些人运用计算机来增加效率,有些人辅以字典来缩小密码组合的范围
Low
输入用户名(admin),密码随意输入,用burpsuite抓包。
发送给Intruder,使用狙击手(Sniper)攻击模式对password进行爆破。
对于burpsuite Intruder 四种攻击模式的介绍,参考此链接:Burpsuite Intruder(测试器)爆破的4种方式说明
添加有效载荷,然后开始攻击。
可以看到有效载荷 ch4ser 的长度与其他不同,所以密码为 ch4ser 。
也可以换种思路:查看源码发现没有对参数进行任何过滤,于是可以SQL注入,输入用户名admin’#成功登录
Medium
跟low级别基本一致,只是采用了mysql_real_escape_string把特殊符号转义,一定程度上防止了sql注入,采用暴力破解也可以完成,在此不过多描述。
High
查看源码发现多了个checkToken,也就是对用户携带的token和服务器端session里面的token进行比对,使用token的目的是为了减轻服务器的压力,减少频繁的查询数据库,使服务器更加健壮。
所以我们需要对password和token进行爆破,对password的爆破很简单,而对于token则有些许复杂,具体操作流程如下:
首先,还是抓包后发送给Intruder,这里应该使用的攻击模式是音叉(PitchFork),因为一次请求只对应一个唯一的token。
点击 Intruder - Options - Grep-Extract - 添加,找到token值并复制,后面要用。
点击 Resource Pool - 创建新的资源池 - 设置最大并发请求数为1,因为递归搜索的payloads不能用多线程请求。
设置有效载荷集1
设置有效载荷集2,选择有效载荷类型为递归搜索,并将所复制的第一次响应的token值粘贴到箭头处。
点击开始攻击,得到结果。可以看到 ch4ser 的长度与其他不同,所以密码为 ch4ser 。
Impossible
查看源码,发现Impossible级别在 high 的基础上对用户的登录次数有所限制,当用户登录失败达到3次,将会锁住账号15秒。同时采用了更为安全的PDO(PHP Data Object)机制防御sql注入。
<?php
if( isset( $_POST[ 'Login' ] ) && isset ($_POST['username']) && isset ($_POST['password']) ) {
// Check Anti-CSRF token
checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' );
// Sanitise username input
$user = $_POST[ 'username' ];
$user = stripslashes( $user );
$user = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $user ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
// Sanitise password input
$pass = $_POST[ 'password' ];
$pass = stripslashes( $pass );
$pass = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $pass ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
$pass = md5( $pass );
// Default values
$total_failed_login = 3;
$lockout_time = 15;
$account_locked = false;
// Check the database (Check user information)
$data = $db->prepare( 'SELECT failed_login, last_login FROM users WHERE user = (:user) LIMIT 1;' );
$data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR );
$data->execute();
$row = $data->fetch();
// Check to see if the user has been locked out.
if( ( $data->rowCount() == 1 ) && ( $row[ 'failed_login' ] >= $total_failed_login ) ) {
// User locked out. Note, using this method would allow for user enumeration!
//echo "<pre><br />This account has been locked due to too many incorrect logins.</pre>";
// Calculate when the user would be allowed to login again
$last_login = strtotime( $row[ 'last_login' ] );
$timeout = $last_login + ($lockout_time * 60);
$timenow = time();
/*
print "The last login was: " . date ("h:i:s", $last_login) . "<br />";
print "The timenow is: " . date ("h:i:s", $timenow) . "<br />";
print "The timeout is: " . date ("h:i:s", $timeout) . "<br />";
*/
// Check to see if enough time has passed, if it hasn't locked the account
if( $timenow < $timeout ) {
$account_locked = true;
// print "The account is locked<br />";
}
}
// Check the database (if username matches the password)
$data = $db->prepare( 'SELECT * FROM users WHERE user = (:user) AND password = (:password) LIMIT 1;' );
$data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR);
$data->bindParam( ':password', $pass, PDO::PARAM_STR );
$data->execute();
$row = $data->fetch();
// If its a valid login...
if( ( $data->rowCount() == 1 ) && ( $account_locked == false ) ) {
// Get users details
$avatar = $row[ 'avatar' ];
$failed_login = $row[ 'failed_login' ];
$last_login = $row[ 'last_login' ];
// Login successful
echo "<p>Welcome to the password protected area <em>{$user}</em></p>";
echo "<img src=\"{$avatar}\" />";
// Had the account been locked out since last login?
if( $failed_login >= $total_failed_login ) {
echo "<p><em>Warning</em>: Someone might of been brute forcing your account.</p>";
echo "<p>Number of login attempts: <em>{$failed_login}</em>.<br />Last login attempt was at: <em>${last_login}</em>.</p>";
}
// Reset bad login count
$data = $db->prepare( 'UPDATE users SET failed_login = "0" WHERE user = (:user) LIMIT 1;' );
$data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR );
$data->execute();
} else {
// Login failed
sleep( rand( 2, 4 ) );
// Give the user some feedback
echo "<pre><br />Username and/or password incorrect.<br /><br/>Alternative, the account has been locked because of too many failed logins.<br />If this is the case, <em>please try again in {$lockout_time} minutes</em>.</pre>";
// Update bad login count
$data = $db->prepare( 'UPDATE users SET failed_login = (failed_login + 1) WHERE user = (:user) LIMIT 1;' );
$data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR );
$data->execute();
}
// Set the last login time
$data = $db->prepare( 'UPDATE users SET last_login = now() WHERE user = (:user) LIMIT 1;' );
$data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR );
$data->execute();
}
// Generate Anti-CSRF token
generateSessionToken();
?>