【Lintcode】650. Find Leaves of Binary Tree

题目地址:

https://www.lintcode.com/problem/find-leaves-of-binary-tree/description

给定一个二叉树,要求返回其叶子节点,然后将叶子节点删去,继续返回叶子节点,继续删去叶子,直到树空。返回每次得到的叶子节点。

更快的 O ( n ) O(n) O(n)的方法参考https://blog.csdn.net/qq_46105170/article/details/106248333。下面介绍一个逐次删掉叶子的方法:

思路是DFS,开一个函数对二叉树做DFS,每次DFS的时候,将叶子收集在一个列表里,同时删除掉叶子节点;删除的方式是,将这个函数的返回值设为删掉所有叶子后的二叉树的树根,这样就可以在到达叶子的时候返回null回去连到上一层的树根上,就达到了删掉叶子的效果。代码如下:

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class Solution {
    /*
     * @param root: the root of binary tree
     * @return: collect and remove all leaves
     */
    public List<List<Integer>> findLeaves(TreeNode root) {
        // write your code here
        List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<>();
        while (root != null) {
            List<Integer> cur = new ArrayList<>();
            root = dfs(root, cur);
            res.add(cur);
        }
        
        return res;
    }
    
    private TreeNode dfs(TreeNode root, List<Integer> cur) {
        if (root == null) {
            return null;
        } else if (root.left == null && root.right == null) {
            cur.add(root.val);
            return null;
        } else {
            root.left = dfs(root.left, cur);
            root.right = dfs(root.right, cur);
            return root;
        }
    }
}

class TreeNode {
    int val;
    TreeNode left, right;
    TreeNode(int x) {
        val = x;
    }
}

时间复杂度 O ( n 2 ) O(n^2) O(n2)(最差情况是每次删除的叶子节点个数是 1 1 1,比如整个二叉树是个链表,那么此时时间复杂度最高。可以考虑 T ( n ) = ∑ i = 1 h O ( n − l i ) T(n)=\sum_{i=1}^{h}O(n-l_i) T(n)=i=1hO(nli),其中 l i l_i li是每次删除的叶子, h h h是树的高度,容易知道最差情况是二叉树是链表的时候。而若二叉树较为平衡时,时间复杂度可以降到 O ( n log ⁡ n ) O(n\log n) O(nlogn)),空间 O ( h ) O(h) O(h)(除去最后返回的列表的空间)。

To convert the given array to a complete BST, we need to perform the following steps: 1. Sort the array in ascending order 2. Construct a complete binary tree using the sorted array 3. Perform inorder traversal of the binary tree and store the elements in the original array in the same order as the traversal Here's the implementation of the to_bst(lst) function in Python: ```python def to_bst(lst): # Sort the input list lst.sort() # Construct a complete binary tree using the sorted list n = len(lst) if n == 0: return lst root = lst[n // 2] left_subtree = to_bst(lst[:n // 2]) right_subtree = to_bst(lst[n // 2 + 1:]) binary_tree = [root] + left_subtree + right_subtree # Perform inorder traversal of the binary tree and store the elements in the original array inorder_traversal(binary_tree, lst, 0) return lst def inorder_traversal(binary_tree, lst, i): # Perform inorder traversal of the binary tree and store the elements in the original array n = len(binary_tree) if i >= n: return inorder_traversal(binary_tree, lst, 2 * i + 1) lst[i] = binary_tree[i] inorder_traversal(binary_tree, lst, 2 * i + 2) ``` The to_bst(lst) function takes in the input list and returns the same list after converting it to a complete BST. The function first sorts the input list in ascending order. It then constructs a complete binary tree using the sorted list by recursively dividing the list into two halves and setting the middle element as the root of the binary tree. Finally, the function performs an inorder traversal of the binary tree and stores the elements in the original list in the same order as the traversal.
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