【洛谷】P2893 Making the Grade G

题目地址：

https://www.luogu.com.cn/problem/P2893

题目描述：
A straight dirt road connects two fields on FJ’s farm, but it changes elevation more than FJ would like. His cows do not mind climbing up or down a single slope, but they are not fond of an alternating succession of hills and valleys. FJ would like to add and remove dirt from the road so that it becomes one monotonic slope (either sloping up or down).

You are given $N$ integers $A_1,...,A_N$($1\le N\le 2,000$) describing the elevation ($0\le A_i\le 1,000,000,000$) at each of $N$ equally-spaced positions along the road, starting at the first field and ending at the other. FJ would like to adjust these elevations to a new sequence $B_1,....,B_N$ that is either nonincreasing or nondecreasing. Since it costs the same amount of money to add or remove dirt at any position along the road, the total cost of modifying the road is

$|A_1-B_1|+|A_2-B_2|+...+|A_N-B_N|$Please compute the minimum cost of grading his road so it becomes a continuous slope. FJ happily informs you that signed 32-bit integers can certainly be used to compute the answer.

农夫约翰想改造一条路，原来的路的每一段海拔是$A_i$，修理后是$B_i$，花费$|A_i–B_i|$。我们要求修好的路是单调不升或者单调不降的。求最小花费。

输入格式：
Line $1$: A single integer: $N$
Lines $\mathrm{2..}N+1$: Line $i+1$ contains a single integer elevation: $A_i$

输出格式：
Line $1$: A single integer that is the minimum cost for FJ to grade his dirt road so it becomes nonincreasing or nondecreasing in elevation.

参考https://blog.csdn.net/qq_46105170/article/details/126434434。代码如下：

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;

const int N = 2010;
int n, a[N];

int work() {
  priority_queue<int> heap;
  int res = 0;
  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
    heap.push(a[i]);
    if (a[i] < heap.top()) {
      res += heap.top() - a[i];
      heap.pop();
      heap.push(a[i]);
    }
  }

  return res;
}

int main() {
  scanf("%d", &n);
  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) scanf("%d", &a[i]);

  int res = work();
  reverse(a + 1, a + 1 + n);
  res = min(res, work());
  printf("%d\n", res);
}

时间复杂度$O(n\log n)$，空间$O(n)$。