负载均衡Ribbon

一.  什么是负载均衡?

        负载均衡就是将负载（工作任务，访问请求）进行分摊到多个操作单元（服务器,组件）上进行执行

 

二. 自定义实现负载均衡

2.1 创建服务提供者

•  创建两个服务提供者工程：

• 配置文件 application.yml：

ribbon_provider_1的配置文件
server:
  port: 9091
spring:
 cloud:
   nacos:
     discovery:
       server-addr: 192.168.128.132:8848 #nacos服务的地址
 application:
   name: ribbon-provider #向注册中心注册的名字


ribbon_provider_2的配置文件
server:
  port: 9092
spring:
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 192.168.128.132:8848 #nacos服务的地址
  application:
    name: ribbon-provider #向注册中心注册的名字

• app

package com.bjpowernode;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient//向注册中心注册该服务，并可以获取其他服务的调用地址
public class RibbonProvider1App {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(RibbonProvider1App.class,args);
    }
}

package com.bjpowernode;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;


@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient//向注册中心注册该服务，并可以获取其他服务的调用地址
public class RibbonProvider2App {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(RibbonProvider2App.class,args);
    }
}

2.2 创建服务消费者

•  配置文件 application.yml：

server:
  port: 81
spring:
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 192.168.128.132:8848 #nacos服务的地址
  application:
    name: ribbon-consumer #向注册中心注册的名字

controller

package com.bjpowernode.controller;

import com.bjpowernode.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;

@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "/consumer")
public class ConsumerController {
	
	@Autowired
	private RestTemplate restTemplate;

	@Autowired
	private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;

	private int currentIndex;

	@RequestMapping(value="/getUserById/{id}")
	public User getUserById(@PathVariable Integer id){
		List<ServiceInstance> serviceList = 
            				discoveryClient.getInstances("ribbon-provider");

		//随机方式获得服务
		//int currentIndex = new Random().nextInt(serviceList.size());
		//轮询方式获得服务
		currentIndex = (currentIndex + 1) % serviceList.size();
		
		ServiceInstance instance = serviceList.get(currentIndex);
		String serviceUrl = instance.getHost() + ":" + instance.getPort();
        System.out.println("serviceUrl："+serviceUrl);
		String url = "http://"+serviceUrl+"/provider/getUserById/"+id;
		return restTemplate.getForObject(url, User.class);
	}
}

2.3 测试

浏览器访问http://192.168.128.132:8848/nacos 查看服务列表

 分别使用轮询和随机策略调用服务提供者：

 三. Ribbon介绍

3.1 什么是Ribbon

• Spring Cloud Ribbon是基于Netflix Ribbon实现的一套客户端负载均衡的工具

 

• 我们不需要去引入ribbon的依赖，因为在nacos里面已经集成了ribbon的依赖：

•  Ribbon默认提供 很多种负载均衡算法，例如轮询、随机 等等。

 3.2 基于ribbon实现负载均衡

 3.2.1 修改ribbon_consumer

• ConfigBean

  package com.bjpowernode.config;
  
  import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IRule;
  import com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule;
  import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
  import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
  import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
  import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
  
  
  @Configuration
  public class ConfigBean {
      @Bean
      @LoadBalanced //开启负载均衡，默认是轮询策略
      /**
       * 添加了@LoadBalanced注解之后，Ribbon会给restTemplate请求添加了一个拦截器，在拦截器中获取
       * 注册中心的所有可用服务，通过获取到的服务信息（ip，port） 替换 serviceId实现负载请求
       */
      public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
          return new RestTemplate();
      }
      随机策略
      @Bean
      public IRule iRule(){
          return new RandomRule();
      }
  }
  

• controller

package com.bjpowernode.controller;

import com.bjpowernode.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;

@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "/consumer")
public class ConsumerController {
    //访问Rest服务的客户端
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    @Autowired
    private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;

    private int currentIndex;

    @RequestMapping("/getUserById/{id}")
    public User getUserById(@PathVariable(value = "id") Integer id){
        //不使用ribbon：ip:port
        //String serviceUrl = "127.0.0.1:9090";
        //使用ribbon：不再使用ip:port的方式，而是改成了serviceId(即Nacos中注册的服务名称)
        String url = "http://ribbon-provider/provider/getUserById/"+id;
        return restTemplate.getForObject(url, User.class);
    }
}

 3.2.2 测试

        启动提供方和消费方的服务，分别测试随机和轮询的效果