字节面试题 小于n的最大数

输入：$A=a_1,a_2,...,a_m(0<=a_i<=9,1<=m<=10);n$

输出：构造小于n的最大数（可重复使用$a_i$）

思路

$从n的最高位开始遍历，考虑当前位置可取的最大a_i，使用stack来存储每一位选择的a$

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;
using ll = long long;

const int mod = 1e9 + 7;

void solve() {
    int A[] = {9, 8};
    int n = 9;
    n --;
    map<int, int> mp;
    for(auto x: A) mp[x] = 1;

    int a[10], cnt = 0;
    while(n) {
        a[cnt ++] = n % 10;
        n /= 10;
    }

    function<int(int)> fin = [&](int x) -> int {
        for(int i = x; i >= 0; -- i) {
            if(mp[i]) return i;
        }
        return -1;
    };

    bool f = false;
    stack<int> st;

    if(fin(a[cnt - 1]) == -1) {
        for(int i = cnt - 2; i >= 0; -- i) {
            st.push(fin(9));
        }
    } else {
        for(int i = cnt - 1; i >= 0; -- i) {
            if(f) {
                st.push(fin(9));
                continue;
            }
            int x = fin(a[i]);
            if(x == -1) {
                while(!st.empty()) {
                    int _x = st.top();
                    x = fin(_x - 1);
                    st.pop();
                    i ++;
                    if(x == -1) continue;
                    st.push(x);
                    f = true;
                    break;
                }
            } else {
                if(x != a[i]) f = true;
                st.push(x);
            }
        }
    }
    
    string ans = "";
    while(!st.empty()) {
        ans = char(st.top() + '0') + ans;
        st.pop();
    }
    cout << ans << '\n';
}

signed main() {
    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(0);
    cout.tie(0);
#ifdef ACM_LOCAL
    freopen("in", "r", stdin);
    freopen("out", "w", stdout);
    signed test_index_for_debug = 1;
    char acm_local_for_debug = 0;
    do {
        if (acm_local_for_debug == '$') exit(0);
        if (test_index_for_debug > 20)
            throw runtime_error("Check the stdin!!!");
        auto start_clock_for_debug = clock();
        solve();
        auto end_clock_for_debug = clock();
        cout << "Test " << test_index_for_debug << " successful!" << endl;
        cerr << "Test " << test_index_for_debug++ << " Run Time: "
             << double(end_clock_for_debug - start_clock_for_debug) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "s" << endl;
        cout << "--------------------------------------------------" << endl;
    } while (cin >> acm_local_for_debug && cin.putback(acm_local_for_debug));
#else
    solve();
#endif
    return 0;
}