“百度百科六度分隔理论”(简单版)
相信大家都听说过“维基百科六度分隔理论”,本文在此只研究该理论的前期过程,即构建一个从一个页面到另一个页面的爬虫。本文选用百度百科的金融词条进行测验。
前期准备
- 解决url乱码问题:百度百科的url显示出来会出现乱码,以下为解决办法。
#https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D/860
from urllib.parse import unquote
url='https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D/860'
def new_url(url):
new_url=unquote(url,'utf8')
return new_url
实践
- 先查找所有链接,发现链接在a标签中。
from urllib.request import urlopen
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from urllib.parse import unquote
url='https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D/860'
def new_url(url):
new_url=unquote(url,'utf8')
return new_url
html=urlopen('https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D/860')
bs=BeautifulSoup(html,'html.parser')
for link in bs.find_all('a'):
if 'href' in link.attrs:
print(link.attrs['href'])#发现符合要求的链接和不符合要求的链接都被选出,需要进行下一步筛选
- 进一步筛选合适的词条链接,发现词条链接的共同点:
词条链接都是类似于:/item/%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%A1/88436这样的形式
- 利用正则表达式,筛选链接:
#^(/item/).*?/[0-9]*$
#https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D/860
from urllib.request import urlopen
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from urllib.parse import unquote
import re
url='https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D/860'
def new_url(url):
new_url=unquote(url,'utf8')
return new_url
html=urlopen('https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D/860')
bs=BeautifulSoup(html,'html.parser')
for link in bs.find_all('a',href=re.compile('^(/item/).*?/[0-9]*$')):
if 'href' in link.attrs:
print(link.attrs['href'])
- 创建函数,优化结构
def getLinks(articleUrl):
html = urlopen('https://baike.baidu.com{}'.format(articleUrl))
bs = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
return bs.find_all('a',href=re.compile('^(/item/).*?/[0-9]*$'))
links=getLinks('/item/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D/860')
while len(links)>0:
newArticle=links[random.randint(0,len(links)-1)].attrs['href']
print(newArticle)
links=getLinks(newArticle)
5.总的代码:
#https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D/860
from urllib.request import urlopen
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from urllib.parse import unquote
import datetime
import random
import re
random.seed(datetime.datetime.now())
def new_url(url):
new_url=unquote(url,'utf8')
return new_url
def getLinks(articleUrl):
html = urlopen('https://baike.baidu.com{}'.format(articleUrl))
bs = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
return bs.find_all('a',href=re.compile('^(/item/).*?/[0-9]*$'))
links=getLinks('/item/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D/860')
while len(links)>0:
newArticle=links[random.randint(0,len(links)-1)].attrs['href']
print(newArticle)
links=getLinks(newArticle)