JAVA实现在线聊天室(层层递进)

- 本文讲述了从实现单个多个客户的收发信息(基础简易版),到各种实现代码的封装(oop版),实现群聊(群聊过渡版),到最后实现私聊(终极版)的过程
- 本文内容是在初步学习网络编程时,练习强化记忆时的学习总结
- 主要利用了TCP网络编程和多线程
- 如有问题,欢迎指出

综合案例:在线聊天室

需求:使用TCP的Socket实现一个聊天室

  • 服务器端:一个线程专门发送消息,一个线程专门接收消息
  • 客户端:一个线程专门发送消息,一个线程专门接收消息

1. 基础简易版

1.1 一个客户收发多条消息

  • 目标:实现一个客户可以正常收发多条信息

服务器

/**
 * 在线聊天室: 服务器
 * 目标:实现一个客户可以正常收发多条消息
 *  服务器不生产内容,相当于一个转发站,将客户端的请求转发
 */
public class MutiChat {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        System.out.println("-----Server-----");
        // 1、指定端口  使用ServerSocket创建服务器
        ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(8888);
        // 2、利用Socket的accept方法,监听客户端的请求。阻塞,等待连接的建立
        Socket client = server.accept();
        System.out.println("一个客户端建立了连接");
        DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(client.getInputStream());
        DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(client.getOutputStream());

        boolean isRunning = true;
        while (isRunning) {
            // 3、接收消息
            String msg = dis.readUTF();
            // 4、返回消息
            dos.writeUTF(msg);
            dos.flush();
        }
        // 5、释放资源
        dos.close();
        dis.close();
        client.close();
    }
}

客户端

/**
 * 在线聊天室: 客户端
 * 目标:实现一个客户可以正常收发(多条)信息
 */
public class MutiClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        System.out.println("-----Client-----");
        // 1、建立连接:使用Socket创建客户端 + 服务的地址和端口
        Socket client = new Socket("localhost", 8888);
        // 2、客户端发送消息
        BufferedReader console = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));  // 对接控制台
        DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(client.getOutputStream());
        DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(client.getInputStream());

        boolean isRunning = true;
        while (isRunning) {
            String msg = console.readLine();
            dos.writeUTF(msg);
            dos.flush();
            // 3、获取消息
            msg = dis.readUTF();
            System.out.println(msg);
        }

        // 4、释放资源
        dos.close();
        dis.close();
        client.close();
    }
}

1.2 多个客户收发多条消息(不使用多线程)

  • 目标:实现多个客户可以正常收发多条信息
  • 出现排队问题:其他客户必须等待之前的客户退出,才能收发消息

服务器


public class MutiChat {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        System.out.println("-----Server-----");
        // 1、指定端口  使用ServerSocket创建服务器
        ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(8888);
        // 2、利用Socket的accept方法,监听客户端的请求。阻塞,等待连接的建立
        while (true) {
            Socket client = server.accept();
            System.out.println("一个客户端建立了连接");
            DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(client.getInputStream());
            DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(client.getOutputStream());

            boolean isRunning = true;
            while (isRunning) {
                // 3、接收消息
                String msg = dis.readUTF();
                // 4、返回消息
                dos.writeUTF(msg);
                dos.flush();
            }
            // 5、释放资源
            dos.close();
            dis.close();
            client.close();
        }
    }
}

1.3 多个客户收发多条消息(多线程)

  • 目标:实现多个客户可以正常收发多条信息
  • 出现的问题:利用Lambda太复杂,代码过多不好维护;客户端读写没有分开,必须先写后读

服务器代码

public class ThreadMutiChat {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        System.out.println("-----Server-----");
        // 1、指定端口  使用ServerSocket创建服务器
        ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(8888);
        // 2、利用Socket的accept方法,监听客户端的请求。阻塞,等待连接的建立
        while (true) {
            Socket client = server.accept();
            System.out.println("一个客户端建立了连接");

            // 加入多线程
            new Thread(()->{
                DataInputStream dis = null;
                DataOutputStream dos = null;
                try {
                    dis = new DataInputStream(client.getInputStream());
                    dos = new DataOutputStream(client.getOutputStream());
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                boolean isRunning = true;
                while (isRunning) {
                    // 3、接收消息
                    String msg = null;
                    try {
                        msg = dis.readUTF();
                        // 4、返回消息
                        dos.writeUTF(msg);
                        dos.flush();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
//                        e.printStackTrace();
                        isRunning = false;  // 停止线程
                    }
                }
                // 5、释放资源
                try {
                    if (null == dos) {
                        dos.close();
                    }
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                try {
                    if (null == dis) {
                        dis.close();
                    }
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                try {
                    if (null == client) {
                        client.close();
                    }
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }).start();
        }
    }
}


2. oop封装版

目标:封装使用多线程实现多个客户可以正常收发多条消息

  • 1、线程代理 Channel,一个客户代表一个 Channel
  • 2、实现方法:接收消息 - receive; 发送消息 - send; 释放资源 - release;
  • 3、其中释放资源 release方法中利用工具类 Utils:实现Closeable接口、可变参数
  • 好处:利用封装,是代码简洁,便于维护

服务器端

示例代码:

public class ThreadMutiChat {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        System.out.println("---服务器开始工作---");
        // 1、指定端口  使用ServerSocket创建服务器
        ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(8888);
        // 2、利用Socket的accept方法,监听客户端的请求。阻塞,等待连接的建立
        while (true) {
            Socket client = server.accept();
            System.out.println("一个客户端建立了连接");

            new Thread(new Channel(client)).start();
        }
    }

    // 一个客户代表一个Channel
    static class Channel implements Runnable {
        private DataInputStream dis = null;
        private DataOutputStream dos = null;
        private Socket client;
        private boolean isRunning;

        public Channel(Socket client) {
            this.client = client;
            try {
                dis = new DataInputStream(client.getInputStream());
                dos = new DataOutputStream(client.getOutputStream());
                isRunning = true;
            } catch (IOException e) {
                System.out.println("---构造时出现异常---");
                release();
            }
        }

        // 接收消息
        private String receive() {
            String msg = "";        // 避免空指针
            try {
                msg = dis.readUTF();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                System.out.println("---接受消息出现异常---");
                release();
            }
            return msg;
        }

        // 发送消息
        private void send(String msg) {
            try {
                dos.writeUTF(msg);
                dos.flush();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                System.out.println("---发送消息出现异常---");
                release();
            }
        }

        // 释放资源
        private void release() {
            this.isRunning = false;
            // 封装
            Utils.close(dis, dos, client);
        }

        // 线程体
        @Override
        public void run() {
            while (isRunning) {
                String msg = receive();
                if (!msg.equals("")) {
                    send(msg);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

工具类Utils:实现Closeable接口,利用可变参数,达到释放资源的作用

示例代码

public class Utils {
    public static void close(Closeable... targets) {        
    // Closeable是IO流中接口,"..."可变参数
    // IO流和Socket都实现了Closeable接口,可以直接用
        for (Closeable target: targets) {
            try {
                // 只要是释放资源就要加入空判断
                if (null != target) {
                    target.close();
                }
            }catch (Exception e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

客户端:启用两个线程Send和Receive实现收发信息的分离

示例代码

public class ThreadMutiClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        System.out.println("-----客户端开始工作-----");
        Socket client = new Socket("localhost", 8888);

        new Thread(new Send(client)).start();
        new Thread(new Receive(client)).start();
    }
}

使用多线程封装客户的发送端 – Send类

实现方法:

  • 1、发送消息 - send()
  • 2、从控制台获取消息 - getStrFromConsole()
  • 3、释放资源 - release()
  • 4、线程体 - run()

示例代码

public class Send implements Runnable {
    private BufferedReader console;
    private DataOutputStream dos;
    private Socket client;
    private boolean isRunning;

    public Send(Socket client) {
        this.client = client;
        console = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));  // 对接控制台
        try {
            dos = new DataOutputStream(client.getOutputStream());
            isRunning = true;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("---客户发送端构造时异常---");
            release();
        }
    }

    // 从控制台获取消息
    private String getStrFromConsole() {
        try {
            return console.readLine();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return "";
        }
    }

    // 发送消息
    private void send(String msg) {
        try {
            dos.writeUTF(msg);
            dos.flush();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("---客户发送端发送消息异常---");
            release();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (isRunning) {
            String msg = getStrFromConsole();
            if (!msg.equals("")) {
                send(msg);
            }
        }
    }

    // 释放资源
    private void release() {
        this.isRunning = false;
        Utils.close(dos,client);
    }
}

使用多线程封装客户的接收端 – Receive类

实现方法:

  • 1、接收消息 - send
  • 2、释放资源 - release()
  • 3、线程体 - run()

示例代码

public class Receive implements Runnable {
    private DataInputStream dis;
    private Socket client;
    private boolean isRunning;

    public Receive(Socket client) {
        this.client = client;
        try {
            dis = new DataInputStream(client.getInputStream());
            isRunning = true;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("---客户接收端构造时异常---");
            release();
        }
    }

    // 接收消息
    private String receive() {
        String msg = "";
        try {
            msg = dis.readUTF();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("---客户接收端接收消息异常---");
            release();
        }
        return msg;
    }

    // 释放资源
    private void release() {
        isRunning = false;
        Utils.close(dis, client);
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (isRunning) {
            String msg = receive();
            if (!msg.equals("")) {
                System.out.println(msg);
            }
        }
    }
}

3. 群聊过渡版

目标:加入容器,实现群聊

服务器端

  • 1、建立 CopyOnWriteArrayList<Channel> 容器,容器中的元素是Channel客户端代理。要对元素进行修改同时遍历时,推荐使用此容器,避免出问题。
  • 2、实现方法void sendOthers(String msg)将信息发送给除自己外的其他人。

服务器端实现代码

public class Chat {
    // 建立 CopyOnWriteArrayList<Channel> 容器
    private static CopyOnWriteArrayList<Channel> all = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        System.out.println("---服务器开始工作---");

        ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(8888);

        while (true) {
            Socket client = server.accept();
            System.out.println("一个客户端建立了连接");
            Channel c = new Channel(client);
            all.add(c);     // 管理所有的成员
            new Thread(c).start();
        }
    }

    // 一个客户代表一个Channel
    static class Channel implements Runnable {
        private DataInputStream dis;
        private DataOutputStream dos;
        private Socket client;
        private boolean isRunning;
        private String name;

        public Channel(Socket client) {
            this.client = client;

            try {
                dis = new DataInputStream(client.getInputStream());
                dos = new DataOutputStream(client.getOutputStream());
                isRunning = true;
                // 获取名称
                this.name = receive();
                // 欢迎
                this.send("欢迎你的到来");
                sendOthers(this.name + "加入群聊", true);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                System.out.println("---构造时出现问题---");
                release();
            }
        }

        // 接收消息
        private String receive() {
            String msg = "";        // 避免空指针
            try {
                msg = dis.readUTF();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                System.out.println("---接受消息出现问题---");
                release();
            }
            return msg;
        }

        // 发送消息
        private void send(String msg) {
            try {
                dos.writeUTF(msg);
                dos.flush();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                System.out.println("---发送消息出现问题---");
                release();
            }
        }

        // 群聊:把自己的消息发送给其他人
        private void sendOthers(String msg, boolean isSys) {
            for (Channel other : all) {
                if (other == this) {
                    continue;
                }
                if (!isSys) {
                    other.send(this.name + ": " + msg);  // 群聊消息
                } else {
                    other.send("系统消息:" + msg);    // 系统消息
                }
            }
        }

        // 线程体
        @Override
        public void run() {
            while (isRunning) {
                String msg = receive();
                if (!msg.equals("")) {
                    sendOthers(msg, false);
                }
            }

        }

        // 释放资源
        private void release() {
            this.isRunning = false;
            // 封装
            Utils.close(dis, dos, client);
            // 退出
            all.remove(this);
            sendOthers(this.name + "离开聊天室", true);
        }
    }
}

客户端实现代码

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        System.out.println("-----客户端开始工作-----");
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        Socket client = new Socket("localhost", 8888);
        System.out.println("请输入用户名:");      // 不考虑重名
        String name = br.readLine();


        new Thread(new Send(client, name)).start();
        new Thread(new Receive(client)).start();
    }
}

客户端Send类实现代码

public class Send implements Runnable {
    private BufferedReader console;
    private DataOutputStream dos;
    private Socket client;
    private boolean isRunning;
    private String name;

    public Send(Socket client, String name) {
        this.client = client;
        console = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        this.isRunning = true;
        this.name = name;
        try {
            dos = new DataOutputStream(client.getOutputStream());
            // 发送名称
            send(name);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("Send类构造时异常");
            release();
        }
    }

    // 从控制台获取消息
    private String getStrFromConsole() {
        try {
            return console.readLine();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return "";
        }
    }

    // 发送消息
    private void send(String msg) {
        try {
            dos.writeUTF(msg);
            dos.flush();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("---客户发送端发送消息异常---");
            release();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (isRunning) {
            String msg = getStrFromConsole();
            if (!msg.equals("")) {
                send(msg);
            }
        }
    }

    // 释放资源
    private void release() {
        this.isRunning = false;
        Utils.close(dos,client);
    }
}

客户端Receive类实现代码

public class Receive implements Runnable {
    private DataInputStream dis;
    private Socket client;
    private boolean isRunning;

    public Receive(Socket client) {
        this.client = client;
        try {
            dis = new DataInputStream(client.getInputStream());
            isRunning = true;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("---客户接收端构造时异常---");
            release();
        }
    }

    // 接收消息
    private String receive() {
        String msg = "";
        try {
            msg = dis.readUTF();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("---客户接收端接收消息异常---");
            release();
        }
        return msg;
    }

    // 释放资源
    private void release() {
        isRunning = false;
        Utils.close(dis, client);
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (isRunning) {
            String msg = receive();
            if (!msg.equals("")) {
                System.out.println(msg);
            }
        }
    }
}

运行结果
在这里插入图片描述


4. 终极版:实现私聊

私聊形式:@XXX:

实现方法
1、boolean isPrivate = msg.startsWith("@")用于判断是否为私聊

  • 利用String类中方法
  • boolean startsWith(String prefix):测试此字符串是否以指定的前缀开头

2、String targetName = msg.substring(1, index)用于判断用户名;msg = msg.substring(index+1)用于判断发送的信息

  • 利用String类中方法
  • substring(int beginIndex):返回一个字符串,该字符串是此字符串的子字符串
  • substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex):返回一个字符串,该字符串是此字符串的子字符串

服务器端实现代码

public class Chat {
    private static CopyOnWriteArrayList<Channel> all = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        System.out.println("---服务器开始工作---");

        ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(8888);

        while (true) {
            Socket client = server.accept();
            System.out.println("一个客户端建立了连接");
            Channel c = new Channel(client);
            all.add(c);     // 管理所有的成员
            new Thread(c).start();
        }
    }
    static class Channel implements Runnable {
        private DataInputStream dis;
        private DataOutputStream dos;
        private Socket client;
        private boolean isRunning;
        private String name;

        public Channel(Socket client) {
            this.client = client;
            try {
                dis = new DataInputStream(client.getInputStream());
                dos = new DataOutputStream(client.getOutputStream());
                isRunning = true;
                // 获取名称
                this.name = receive();
                // 欢迎
                this.send("欢迎你的到来");
                sendOthers(this.name + "加入群聊", true);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                System.out.println("---构造时出现问题---");
                release();
            }
        }
        private String receive() {
            String msg = "";        // 避免空指针
            try {
                msg = dis.readUTF();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                System.out.println("---接受消息出现问题---");
                release();
            }
            return msg;
        }
        private void send(String msg) {
            try {
                dos.writeUTF(msg);
                dos.flush();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                System.out.println("---发送消息出现问题---");
                release();
            }
        }
        /**
         * 群聊:把自己的消息发送给其他人
         * 私聊:约定数据格式:@XXX:msg
         * @param msg
         * @param isSys
         */
        private void sendOthers(String msg, boolean isSys) {
            boolean isPrivate = msg.startsWith("@");
            if (isPrivate) { // 私聊
                int index = msg.indexOf(":");       // 第一次冒号出现的位置
                // 获取目标和数据
                String targetName = msg.substring(1, index);
                msg = msg.substring(index+1);
                for (Channel other: all) {
                    if (other.name.equals(targetName)) { // 目标
                        other.send(this.name + "对您说悄悄话: " + msg);  // 群聊消息
                    }
                }
            } else {
                for (Channel other : all) {
                    if (other == this) {
                        continue;
                    }
                    if (!isSys) {
                        other.send(this.name + ": " + msg);  // 群聊消息
                    } else {
                        other.send("系统消息:" + msg);    // 系统消息
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        @Override
        public void run() {
            while (isRunning) {
                String msg = receive();
                if (!msg.equals("")) {
                    sendOthers(msg, false);
                }
            }

        }
        private void release() {
            this.isRunning = false;
            Utils.close(dis, dos, client);
            all.remove(this);
            sendOthers(this.name + "离开聊天室", true);
        }
    }
}

客户端实现代码

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        System.out.println("-----客户端开始工作-----");
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        Socket client = new Socket("localhost", 8888);
        System.out.println("请输入用户名:");      // 不考虑重名
        String name = br.readLine();


        new Thread(new Send(client, name)).start();
        new Thread(new Receive(client)).start();
    }
}

客户端Send类实现代码

public class Send implements Runnable {
    private BufferedReader console;
    private DataOutputStream dos;
    private Socket client;
    private boolean isRunning;
    private String name;

    public Send(Socket client, String name) {
        this.client = client;
        console = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        this.isRunning = true;
        this.name = name;
        try {
            dos = new DataOutputStream(client.getOutputStream());
            // 发送名称
            send(name);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("Send类构造时异常");
            release();
        }
    }
    private String getStrFromConsole() {
        try {
            return console.readLine();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return "";
        }
    }
    private void send(String msg) {
        try {
            dos.writeUTF(msg);
            dos.flush();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("---客户发送端发送消息异常---");
            release();
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (isRunning) {
            String msg = getStrFromConsole();
            if (!msg.equals("")) {
                send(msg);
            }
        }
    }
    private void release() {
        this.isRunning = false;
        Utils.close(dos,client);
    }
}

客户端Receive类实现代码

public class Receive implements Runnable {
    private DataInputStream dis;
    private Socket client;
    private boolean isRunning;

    public Receive(Socket client) {
        this.client = client;
        try {
            dis = new DataInputStream(client.getInputStream());
            isRunning = true;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("---客户接收端构造时异常---");
            release();
        }
    }
    
    private String receive() {
        String msg = "";
        try {
            msg = dis.readUTF();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("---客户接收端接收消息异常---");
            release();
        }
        return msg;
    }
    
    private void release() {
        isRunning = false;
        Utils.close(dis, client);
    }
    
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (isRunning) {
            String msg = receive();
            if (!msg.equals("")) {
                System.out.println(msg);
            }
        }
    }
}

Utils类实现代码

public class Utils {
    public static void close(Closeable... targets) {
        for (Closeable target: targets) {
            try {
                if (null != target) {
                    target.close();
                }
            }catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

输出结果
在这里插入图片描述

部分代码如下:client: /* * To change this template, choose Tools | Templates * and open the template in the editor. */ package client; /** * * @author Administrator */ import java.awt.*; import java.io.*; import java.net.*; import java.applet.*; import java.util.Hashtable; public class ClientChat extends Applet implements Runnable { Socket socket=null; DataInputStream in=null; DataOutputStream out=null; InputNameTextField 用户提交昵称界面=null; ChatArea 用户聊天界面=null; Hashtable listTable; Label 提示条; Panel north, center; Thread thread; public void init() { int width=getSize().width; int height=getSize().height; listTable=new Hashtable(); setLayout(new BorderLayout()); 用户提交昵称界面=new InputNameTextField(listTable); int h=用户提交昵称界面.getSize().height; 用户聊天界面=new ChatArea("",listTable,width,height-(h+5)); 用户聊天界面.setVisible(false); 提示条=new Label("正在连接到服务器,请稍等...",Label.CENTER); 提示条.setForeground(Color.red); north=new Panel(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT)); center=new Panel(); north.add(用户提交昵称界面); north.add(提示条); center.add(用户聊天界面); add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH); add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER); validate(); } public void start() { if(socket!=null&&in!=null&&out!=null) { try { socket.close(); in.close(); out.close(); 用户聊天界面.setVisible(false); } catch(Exception ee) { } } try { socket = new Socket(this.getCodeBase().getHost(), 6666); in=new DataInputStream(socket.getInputStream()); out=new DataOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream()); } catch (IOException ee) { 提示条.setText("连接失败"); } if(socket!=null) { InetAddress address=socket.getInetAddress(); 提示条.setText("连接:"+address+"成功"); 用户提交昵称界面.setSocketConnection(socket,in,out); north.validate(); } if(thread==null) { thread=new Thread(this); thread.start(); } } public void stop() { try { socket.close(); thread=null; } catch(IOException e) { this.showStatus(e.toString()); } } public void run() { while(thread!=null) { if(用户提交昵称界面.get能否聊天()==true) { 用户聊天界面.setVisible(true); 用户聊天界面.setName(用户提交昵称界面.getName()); 用户聊天界面.setSocketConnection(socket,in,out); 提示条.setText("祝聊天愉快!"); center.validate(); break; } try { Thread.sleep(100); } catch(Exception e) { } } } }
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