Given a sequence of positive numbers, a segment is defined to be a consecutive subsequence. For example, given the sequence { 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 }, we have 10 segments: (0.1) (0.1, 0.2) (0.1, 0.2, 0.3) (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) (0.2) (0.2, 0.3) (0.2, 0.3, 0.4) (0.3) (0.3, 0.4) and (0.4).
Now given a sequence, you are supposed to find the sum of all the numbers in all the segments. For the previous example, the sum of all the 10 segments is 0.1 + 0.3 + 0.6 + 1.0 + 0.2 + 0.5 + 0.9 + 0.3 + 0.7 + 0.4 = 5.0.
Input Specification:
Each input file contains one test case. For each case, the first line gives a positive integer N, the size of the sequence which is no more than 105. The next line contains N positive numbers in the sequence, each no more than 1.0, separated by a space.
Output Specification:
For each test case, print in one line the sum of all the numbers in all the segments, accurate up to 2 decimal places.
题意:给定一个正数数列,我们可以从中截取任意的连续的几个数,称为片段。例如,给定数列{0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4},我们有(0.1) (0.1, 0.2) (0.1, 0.2, 0.3) (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) (0.2) (0.2, 0.3) (0.2, 0.3, 0.4) (0.3) (0.3, 0.4) (0.4) 这10个片段。
给定正整数数列,求出全部片段包含的所有的数之和。如本例中10个片段总和是0.1 + 0.3 + 0.6 + 1.0 + 0.2 + 0.5 + 0.9 + 0.3 + 0.7 + 0.4 = 5.0。
此题暴力求解必然会超时的,否则题目显得过于简单了。
寻找规律不难发现,每个数被计算的次数为 i(n-i+1),i为该数在序列中的位置,从1开始。
但是这道题还考察了精度,网上的答案大部分是c++的,其中可以将数值类型设为longlong就可以通过,double不行,还存在一些部分算法是将数值放大先求和后再缩小,但是目前也是无法AC的。
python自带的浮点数类型只有float,精度是不够的,这里要引入一个模块decimal。
import decimal
n = int(input())
nums = list(map(decimal.Decimal, input().split()))
ans = 0
for i in range(n):
ans += (nums[i] * (i + 1) * (n - i))
print("%.2f" % ans)