反射操作泛型
- Java采用泛型擦除的机制来引入泛型,Java中的泛型仅仅给编译器javac使用的,确保数据的安全性和免去强制类型转换问题,但是,一旦编译完成,所有和泛型相关的类型全部擦除
- 为了通过反射操作这些类型,Java新增了ParameterizedType,GenericArrayType,TypeVariable,WildcardType 几种类型来代表不能被归一到Class类中的类型但是又和原始类型齐名的类型
- ParameterizedType:表示一种参数化类型,比如 Collection<String>
- GenericArrayType:表示一种元素类型是参数化类型或者类型变量的数组类型
- TypeVariable:是各种类型变量的公共父接口
- WildcardType:代表一种通配符类型表达式
例子:
package com.reflection;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
//通过反射获取泛型
public class Test11 {
public void test01(Map<String, User> map, List<String> list) {
System.out.println("test01");
}
public Map<String, User> test02() {
System.out.println("test02");
return null;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException {
Method method = Test11.class.getMethod("test01", Map.class, List.class);
Type[] genericParametersTypes = method.getGenericParameterTypes();//获得泛型的参数类型
for (Type genericParameterType : genericParametersTypes) {//这个参数类型是否等于我们的参数类型
System.out.println("#" + genericParameterType);
if (genericParameterType instanceof ParameterizedType) {
Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericParameterType).getActualTypeArguments();
for (Type actualTypeArgument : actualTypeArguments) {
System.out.println(actualTypeArguments);
}
}
method = Test11.class.getMethod("test01", Map.class, List.class);
Type genericReturnType = method.getGenericReturnType();
if (genericReturnType instanceof ParameterizedType) {
Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericReturnType).getActualTypeArguments();
for (Type actualTypeArgument : actualTypeArguments) {
System.out.println(actualTypeArguments);
}
}
}
}
}
输出结果:
反射操作注解
- getAnnotations
- getAnnotation
练习:ORM
- 了解什么是ORM?
- Object relationship Mapping ---> 对象关系映射
- 类和表结构对应
- 属性和字段对应
- 对象和记录对应
例子:
package com.reflection;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
public class Test12 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException {
Class c1 = Class.forName("com.reflection.Student2");
//通过反射获得注解
Annotation[] annotations = c1.getAnnotations();
for (Annotation annotation : annotations) {
System.out.println(annotation);
}
//获得注解的value的值
Tablekuang tablekuang = (Tablekuang) c1.getAnnotation(Tablekuang.class);
String value = tablekuang.value();
System.out.println(value);
//获得类指定的注解
Field f = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
Tablekuang.Fieldkuang annotation = f.getAnnotation(Tablekuang.Fieldkuang.class);
System.out.println(annotation.columnName());
System.out.println(annotation.type());
System.out.println(annotation.length());
}
}
@Tablekuang("db_student")
class Student2 {
@Tablekuang.Fieldkuang(columnName = "db_id", type = "int", length = 10)
private int id;
@Tablekuang.Fieldkuang(columnName = "db_age", type = "int", length = 10)
private int age;
@Tablekuang.Fieldkuang(columnName = "db_name", type = "varchar", length = 3)
private String name;
public Student2() {
}
public Student2(int id, int age, String name) {
this.id = id;
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student2{" +
"id=" + id +
", age=" + age +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
//类名的注解
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface Tablekuang {
String value();
//属性的注解
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface Fieldkuang {
String columnName();
String type();
int length();
}
}
输出结果: