python中装饰器

1、装饰器

就是给已有函数增加额外功能的函数，它本质上就是一个闭包函数。

特点:

不修改已有函数的源代码
不修改已有函数的调用方式
给已有函数增加额外的功能

2、无参装饰器

def decorator(func):
    def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
        print("小明穿衣服，刷牙洗脸")
        func(*args,**kwargs)
        print("打开电脑，开始上课")
    return wrapper
@decorator    # people = decorator(people)
def people():
    print("小明准备去上课")
people()

3、带有返回值装饰器

def decorator(func):
    def wrapper(name):
        print("小明穿衣服，刷牙洗脸")
        status = func(name)
        print(status)
        print("小明打开电脑")
        return "小明开始上课"
    return wrapper
@decorator
def people(name):
    print(name,"洗漱完毕")
    return name + "准备去上课"
res = people("小明")
print(res)

4、带参装饰器

def outer(name):
    def decorator(func):
        # def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
        def wrapper(name):
            print(name,"穿衣服，刷牙洗脸")
            # status = func(*args,**kwargs)
            status = func(name)
            print(status)
            print(name,"打开电脑")
            return name + "开始上课"
        return wrapper
    return decorator

@outer("小明")   #   people = outer("小明")(people)
def people(name):
    print("小明洗漱完毕")
    return "小明准备去上课"

res = people("小明")
print(res)

5、双层函数装饰器

多个装饰器可以对函数进行多个功能的装饰，装饰顺序是由内到外的进行装饰

def decorator1(func): # func = wrapper2
    def wrapper1(*args,**kwargs):
        print("小明穿衣服",end="")
        status = func(*args,**kwargs)
        print(status)
        print("小明关闭电脑")
        return "小明下课"
    return wrapper1

def decorator2(func): # func = people
    def wrapper2(*args,**kwargs):
        print(",刷牙洗脸")
        status = func(*args,**kwargs)
        print(status)
        print("小明打开电脑")
        return "小明开始上课"
    return wrapper2

@decorator1
@decorator2   # 1、people = decorator2(people) 2、people = decorator1(people) ===> people=wrapper1  3、people() ===> wrapper1()
def people():
    print("小明洗漱完毕")
    return "小明准备去上课"
res = people()
print(res)

6、无参类装饰器

class Decorator():
    def __init__(self,func):
        self.func = func

    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        print("小明穿衣服，刷牙洗脸")
        status = self.func(*args, **kwargs)
        print(status)
        print("小明打开电脑")
        return "小明开始上课"

@Decorator
def people():
    print("小明洗漱完毕")
    return "小明准备去上课"

res = people()
print(res)

7、带参类装饰器

class Outer():
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.name = name
    def __call__(self, func):
        return self.Decorator(func)

    class Decorator():
        def __init__(self, func):
            self.func = func
        def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
            print("小明穿衣服，刷牙洗脸")
            status = self.func(*args, **kwargs)
            print(status)
            print("小明打开电脑")
            return "小明开始上课"

@Outer("小明")   #  Outer("小明")(people)
def people():
    print("小明洗漱完毕")
    return "小明准备去上课"

res = people()
print(res)

8、装饰器应用

计时器

import time
def timer(func):
    def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
        start = time.time()
        a = func(*args,**kwargs)
        end = time.time()
        total_time = end - start
        return f"程序执行时长：{total_time}"
    return wrapper
@timer  #
def hello(n):
    time.sleep(n)
    return 10
if __name__ == '__main__':
    s = int(input("请输入执行时长>>>"))   #   第一步
    print(hello(s))
"""
 第一步：遇到@timer   立即执行 hello = timer(hello)   将立即调用  timer(func)函数  将hello作为参数传给func  此时func == hello
 第二步：执行 return wrapper   此时  hello == wrapper
 第三步：执行 s = int(input("请输入执行时长>>>"))    手动改输入时长
 第四步：执行hello(s)     立即调用hello(s)  也就是调用wrapper(s)
 第五步：执行  start = time.time()
 第六步：执行 func(s)  也就是调用hell0(s)
 第七步：执行sleep(s)
 第八步：执行end = time.time()
 第九步：执行  total_time = end - start
 第十步：返回  计算结果给hello()
 第十步：执行  print(hello(s)
"""

中间件，进入视图前做判断是否登录

lg=False
def register():
    global  lg
    if lg:
        print('您已注册!请登录!')
    else:
        usename=input('请输入用户名:')
        password=input('请输入登录密码:')
        print('注册成功!请登录!')
        lg=True
    login()
def login():
    if lg:
        usename = input('请输入用户名:')
        password = input('请输入登录密码:')
        print('登录成功!')
        shopping()

    else:
        print('您没注册!请去注册!')
        register()
def decorate(f):
    def inner():
        if lg:
            f()
        else:
            print('您还没有登录呢!请登录!')
            login()
    return inner
@decorate
def shopping():
    print('成功进入shopping页面!!!')
@decorate
def reading():
    print('成功进入reading页面!!!')
@decorate
def play_game():
    print('成功进入play_game页面!!!')
shopping()
reading()
play_game()