《headfirst设计模式》读书笔记9-迭代器和组合模式

1. 封装遍历

因为早餐和午餐的遍历方式不同，这样在遍历菜单时由于不同的遍历方式不方便。
当我们对遍历进行封装就会对实现遍历的统一

2. 定义迭代器模式

通过类图我们可以知道：
Iterator是一个接口，通过实现接口内的方法达到遍历的标准
Aggregate是聚合的接口，通过对迭代器接口的引用实现对迭代器的解耦
Client通过对两边接口的引用实现了集合和迭代器的解耦

2.1 部分源码

2.1.1 MenuItem.h

#include <string>
using std::string;
class MenuItem{
public:
    string name;
    string description;
    bool vegetarian;
    double price;
    MenuItem();
    MenuItem(string name,string description,bool vegetarian,double price);
    string getName();
    string getDescription();
    double getPrice();
    bool isVegetarian();
    string toString();
};

2.1.2 Menu.h

#include "Iterator.h"
class Menu{
public:
    virtual Iterator *createIterator()=0;
    virtual ~Menu(){};
};

2.1.3 Iterator.h

#include "MenuItem.h"
class Iterator{
public:
    virtual bool hasNext()=0;
    virtual MenuItem *next()=0;
    virtual ~Iterator(){};
};

2.1.4 ArrayIterator.h

#include "Iterator.h"
#include "MenuItem.h"
class ArrayIterator:public Iterator{
public:
    ArrayIterator(MenuItem items[],int size);
    virtual MenuItem *next()override final;
    virtual bool hasNext()override final;
    virtual ~ArrayIterator();
private:
    MenuItem *items;
    int position=0;
    int size=0;
};

2.1.5 ArrayIterator.cpp

#include "ArrayIterator.h"

ArrayIterator::ArrayIterator(MenuItem items[], int size)
{
    this->items=items;
    this->size=size;
}

MenuItem *ArrayIterator::next()
{
    return &items[position++];
}

bool ArrayIterator::hasNext()
{
    if(position>=size)return false;
    else return true;
}

ArrayIterator::~ArrayIterator()
{

}

2.1.6 DinerMenu.h

#include "Menu.h"
#include "MenuItem.h"
#include "Iterator.h"
#include "ArrayIterator.h"
class DinerMenu:public Menu{
public:
    DinerMenu();
    void addItem(string name,string description,bool vegetarian, double price);
    MenuItem *getMenuItems();
    virtual Iterator *createIterator()override final;
    virtual ~DinerMenu();
private:
    int numberOfItems=0;
    MenuItem *menuItems;
};

2.1.7 DinerMenu.cpp

#include "DinerMenu.h"
#include "iostream"
int MAX_ITEMS = 6;
DinerMenu::DinerMenu()
{
    menuItems=new MenuItem[MAX_ITEMS];
    menuItems[0]=MenuItem("Vegetarian BLT",
                          "(Fakin') Bacon with lettuce & tomato on whole wheat", true, 2.99);
    menuItems[1]=MenuItem("BLT",
                          "Bacon with lettuce & tomato on whole wheat", false, 2.99);
    menuItems[2]=MenuItem("Soup of the day",
                          "Soup of the day, with a side of potato salad", false, 3.29);
    menuItems[3]=MenuItem("Hotdog",
                          "A hot dog, with sauerkraut, relish, onions, topped with cheese",
                          false, 3.05);
    menuItems[4]=MenuItem("Steamed Veggies and Brown Rice",
                          "Steamed vegetables over brown rice", true, 3.99);
    menuItems[5]=MenuItem("Pasta",
                          "Spaghetti with Marinara Sauce, and a slice of sourdough bread",
                          true, 3.89);
    numberOfItems=6;
}

void DinerMenu::addItem(std::string name, std::string description, bool vegetarian, double price)
{
    MenuItem menuItem=MenuItem(name,description,vegetarian,price);
    if(numberOfItems>=MAX_ITEMS){
        std::cout<<"Sorry, menu is full!  Can't add item to menu"<<std::endl;
    }else{
        menuItems[numberOfItems]=menuItem;
        numberOfItems++;
    }
}

MenuItem *DinerMenu::getMenuItems()
{
    return menuItems;
}

Iterator *DinerMenu::createIterator()
{
    return new ArrayIterator(menuItems,numberOfItems);
}

DinerMenu::~DinerMenu()
{

}

3. 单一责任

如果允许一个类既要管理集合又要提供遍历，当集合改变需要改变类，当遍历改变也要改变类，所以尽量使一个类只有一个责任

4. 定义组合模式

在前面我们都是一个菜单一个菜单独立出来的，但是当我们菜单中又要嵌套菜单这咋办？

组合模式就是定义一个超类，两个具体类继承，一个类可以嵌套超类就相当于菜单（这样就可以嵌套菜单也可以嵌套菜单项），另一个就是具体的菜单项

4.1 类图和部分源码

4.1.1 MenuComponent.h

#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::string;
using std::vector;
class MenuComponent{
public:
    virtual void add(MenuComponent *menuComponent);
    virtual void remove(MenuComponent *menuComponent);
    virtual MenuComponent *getChild(int i);
    virtual string getName();
    virtual string getDescription();
    virtual double getPrice();
    virtual bool isVegetarian();
    virtual void print();
    virtual ~MenuComponent();
};

4.1.2 MenuItem.h

#include "MenuComponent.h"
class MenuItem:public MenuComponent{
public:
    MenuItem(string name,string description,bool vegetarian,double price);
    virtual string getName()override final;
    virtual string getDescription()override final;
    virtual double getPrice()override final;
    virtual bool isVegetarian()override final;
    virtual void print()override final;
    virtual ~MenuItem();
private:
    string name;
    string description;
    bool vegetarian;
    double price;
};

4.1.3 Menu.h

#include "MenuComponent.h"
class Menu:public MenuComponent{
public:
    Menu(string name,string description);
    virtual void add(MenuComponent *menuComponent)override final;
    virtual void remove(MenuComponent *menuComponent)override final;
    virtual MenuComponent *getChild(int i)override final;
    virtual string getName()override final;
    virtual string getDescription()override final;
    virtual void print()override final;
    virtual ~Menu();
private:
    string name;
    string description;
    vector<MenuComponent *> menuComponents;
};

4.1.4 Waitress.h

#include "MenuComponent.h"
class Waitress{
public:
    Waitress(MenuComponent *allMenus);
    void printMenu();
    virtual ~Waitress();
private:
    MenuComponent *allMenus;
};

4.1.5 main.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "MenuComponent.h"
#include "Menu.h"
#include "Waitress.h"
#include "MenuItem.h"
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    MenuComponent *pancakeHouseMenu =
            new Menu("PANCAKE HOUSE MENU", "Breakfast");
    MenuComponent *dinerMenu =
            new Menu("DINER MENU", "Lunch");
    MenuComponent *cafeMenu =
            new Menu("CAFE MENU", "Dinner");
    MenuComponent *dessertMenu =
            new Menu("DESSERT MENU", "Dessert of course!");
    MenuComponent *coffeeMenu = new Menu("COFFEE MENU", "Stuff to go with your afternoon coffee");

    MenuComponent *allMenus = new Menu("ALL MENUS", "All menus combined");

    allMenus->add(pancakeHouseMenu);
    allMenus->add(dinerMenu);
    allMenus->add(cafeMenu);

    pancakeHouseMenu->add(new MenuItem(
                             "K&B's Pancake Breakfast",
                             "Pancakes with scrambled eggs and toast",
                             true,
                             2.99));
    pancakeHouseMenu->add(new MenuItem(
                             "Regular Pancake Breakfast",
                             "Pancakes with fried eggs, sausage",
                             false,
                             2.99));
    pancakeHouseMenu->add(new MenuItem(
                             "Blueberry Pancakes",
                             "Pancakes made with fresh blueberries, and blueberry syrup",
                             true,
                             3.49));
    pancakeHouseMenu->add(new MenuItem(
                             "Waffles",
                             "Waffles with your choice of blueberries or strawberries",
                             true,
                             3.59));

    dinerMenu->add(new MenuItem(
                      "Vegetarian BLT",
                      "(Fakin') Bacon with lettuce & tomato on whole wheat",
                      true,
                      2.99));
    dinerMenu->add(new MenuItem(
                      "BLT",
                      "Bacon with lettuce & tomato on whole wheat",
                      false,
                      2.99));
    dinerMenu->add(new MenuItem(
                      "Soup of the day",
                      "A bowl of the soup of the day, with a side of potato salad",
                      false,
                      3.29));
    dinerMenu->add(new MenuItem(
                      "Hot Dog",
                      "A hot dog, with saurkraut, relish, onions, topped with cheese",
                      false,
                      3.05));
    dinerMenu->add(new MenuItem(
                      "Steamed Veggies and Brown Rice",
                      "Steamed vegetables over brown rice",
                      true,
                      3.99));

    dinerMenu->add(new MenuItem(
                      "Pasta",
                      "Spaghetti with marinara sauce, and a slice of sourdough bread",
                      true,
                      3.89));

    dinerMenu->add(dessertMenu);

    dessertMenu->add(new MenuItem(
                        "Apple Pie",
                        "Apple pie with a flakey crust, topped with vanilla icecream",
                        true,
                        1.59));

    dessertMenu->add(new MenuItem(
                        "Cheesecake",
                        "Creamy New York cheesecake, with a chocolate graham crust",
                        true,
                        1.99));
    dessertMenu->add(new MenuItem(
                        "Sorbet",
                        "A scoop of raspberry and a scoop of lime",
                        true,
                        1.89));

    cafeMenu->add(new MenuItem(
                     "Veggie Burger and Air Fries",
                     "Veggie burger on a whole wheat bun, lettuce, tomato, and fries",
                     true,
                     3.99));
    cafeMenu->add(new MenuItem(
                     "Soup of the day",
                     "A cup of the soup of the day, with a side salad",
                     false,
                     3.69));
    cafeMenu->add(new MenuItem(
                     "Burrito",
                     "A large burrito, with whole pinto beans, salsa, guacamole",
                     true,
                     4.29));

    cafeMenu->add(coffeeMenu);

    coffeeMenu->add(new MenuItem(
                       "Coffee Cake",
                       "Crumbly cake topped with cinnamon and walnuts",
                       true,
                       1.59));
    coffeeMenu->add(new MenuItem(
                       "Bagel",
                       "Flavors include sesame, poppyseed, cinnamon raisin, pumpkin",
                       false,
                       0.69));
    coffeeMenu->add(new MenuItem(
                       "Biscotti",
                       "Three almond or hazelnut biscotti cookies",
                       true,
                       0.89));

    Waitress *waitress = new Waitress(allMenus);

    waitress->printMenu();
    return 0;
}

5. 组合迭代器