15.线程间的通信

互斥锁

    在多线程中，所有变量对于所有线程都是共享的
    因此，线程间共享数据最大的危险就在于多个线程同时修改同一变量数据
    那就乱套了
    所以需要互斥锁来锁住数据

"""
因为线程属于同一进程，因此他们之间共享内存区域
------------------全局变量是公共的
"""
import threading
a = 1


def func():
    global a
    a += 1


t1 = threading.Thread(target=func)

t1.start()
t1.join()

print(a)

1.问题呈现

"""

共享内存间存在资源竞争问题

"""

import threading
a = 0

n = 1000000


def func1(n):
    global a
    for i in range(n):
        a += 1


def func2(n):
    global a
    for i in range(n):
        a -= 1


t1 = threading.Thread(target=func1, args=(n,))
t2 = threading.Thread(target=func2, args=(n,))

t1.start()
t2.start()
t1.join()
t2.join()

print(a)  # -130428

2.互斥锁解决

线程锁： threading.Lock()
lock = threading.Lock() ---- 生成实例
lock.acquire()  ---- 锁
lock.release()  ---- 解锁

import threading

a = 0
n = 1000000

lock = threading.Lock()


def func1(n):
    global a
    for i in range(n):
        lock.acquire()  # 锁
        a += 1
        lock.release()  # 解锁


def func2(n):
    global a
    for i in range(n):
        lock.acquire()  # 锁
        a -= 1
        lock.release()  # 解锁


t1 = threading.Thread(target=func1, args=(n,))
t2 = threading.Thread(target=func2, args=(n,))

t1.start()
t2.start()
t1.join()
t2.join()

print(a)  # 0