keepalived简单功能实现

1.使用yum安装keepalived
[root@centos803 ~]# yum -y install keepalived
2.开启服务
[root@centos803 ~]# systemctl enable --now keepalived
3.查看keepalived的所有相关文件
[root@centos803 ~]# rpm -ql keepalived
4.查看service文件
[root@centos803 ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service
5.查看有没有生成虚拟IP和iptables规则
[root@centos803 ~]# ip a
[root@centos803 ~]# iptables -vnL
6.复制一个备份文件
[root@centos803 ~]# cp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf{,.bak}
7.修改配置文件
[root@centos803 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
global_defs {
   notification_email {
    # acassen@firewall.loc
     2196568650@qq.com
    # sysadmin@firewall.loc
   }
   notification_email_from 17852516051@163.com
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id centos803
   vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
   #vrrp_strict
   vrrp_garp_interval 0
   vrrp_gna_interval 0
}
include /etc/keepalived/conf.d/*.conf   
#需要创建说需要的目录及文件，来创建子配置文件来存放vrrp_instance
8.创建子配置文件，因为生产环境中会有许多机器加入，也方便管理
[root@centos803 ~]# mkdir /etc/keepalived/conf.d
9.创建并修改子配置文件
[root@centos803 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/conf.d/m44.conf
vrrp_instance m44 {     #可以将名字修改一下改成自己想要的名字
    state MASTER
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 66          
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 123456
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        10.0.0.10/24 dev eth0 label eth0:1
    }
}
10.另一台备用节点，进行安装keepalived
[root@centos8 ~]# yum -y install keepalived
11.创建子配置文件
[root@centos8 ~]# mkdir /etc/keepalived/conf.d
12.将子配置文件拷贝到另一台机器
[root@centos8 ~]# scp /etc/keepalived/conf.d/m44.conf 10.0.0.16:/etc/keepalived/conf.d/
vrrp_instance m44 {     #可以将名字修改一下改成自己想要的名字
    state BACKUP
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 66          
    priority 80
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 123456
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        10.0.0.10/24 dev eth0 label eth0:1
    }
}
13.将主配置文件拷贝到另一台机器
[root@centos8 ~]# scp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 10.0.0.16:/etc/keepalived/
global_defs {
   notification_email_from 17852516051@163.com
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id centos8
   vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
   #vrrp_strict
   vrrp_garp_interval 0
   vrrp_gna_interval 0
}
include /etc/keepalived/conf.d/*.conf   
14.检查服务，然后进行重启（两台主节点都要去查看） 
[root@centos803 ~]# systemctl restart keepalived
15. 进行检测看是否可以实现vip跳转 #默认组播IP地址：224.0.0.18
[root@centos803 ~]# tcpdump -i eth0 -nn host 224.0.0.18  
09:38:20.782951 IP 10.0.0.15 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 66, prio 100, 
authtype simple, intvl 1s, length 20
16.停止主节点 客户机进行查看
[root@centos803 conf.d]# systemctl stop keepalived.service 
09:38:25.139990 IP 10.0.0.16 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 66, prio 80, 
authtype simple, intvl 1s, length 20
17.开启主节点 （默认是抢占模式，主节点开启后会立马抢回VIP）
[root@centos803 conf.d]# systemctl start keepalived.service 
09:38:38.800809 IP 10.0.0.15 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 66, prio 100,
 authtype simple, intvl 1s, length 20
18.观察此模式的方法 扩展
ip a
arp -n
tcpdump -i eth0 -nn host 224.0.0.18 
 
 扩展知识
19. 更改模式成非抢占模式
vip模式下：vrrp_instance
主节点 添加：nopreempt  修改： MASTER为BACKUP
从节点 添加：nopreempt 
关闭主节点，vip会到从节点，开启主节点vip不会被抢去，当从节点挂掉后主机点将会抢回vip
20.修改为抢占延迟模式
vip模式下：vrrp_instance
主节点上添加：preempt_delay 60   #以秒为单位
主节点和从节点都为：BACKUP
注意主节点的优先级比较搞，从节点比较低
21.自定义多播地址
全局模式下：global_defs
指定组播IP地址范围：224.0.0.0到239
vrrp_mcast_group4 224.6.6.6   ：生产要规划部署，根据网络要求去规定
tcpdump -i eth0 -nn host 224.6.6.6  ：抓包时要修改多播地址
22.修改为单播地址  启用vrrp_strict时不能启用单播模式
vip模式下：vrrp_instance    放在最后面
①主节点
unicast_src_ip 10.0.0.15    #本机IP
unicast_peer{
10.0.0.16       #指向对方主机IP
#10.0.0.28      #如果有多个keepalived,再加其它节点的IP
}
②备节点  放在最后面
unicast_src_ip 10.0.0.16    #本机IP
unicast_peer{
10.0.0.15      #指向对方主机IP
#10.0.0.28       #如果有多个keepalived,再加其它节点的IP
}