JavaWeb–06
前言
21世纪,走进了信息时代,各种各样的软件层出不穷,但是总离不开程序开发,离不开程序开发语言,Java语言作为人们所熟知的一门语言,对于其有必要进行系统的学习。
Mybatis框架
Mybatis框架是一个持久层框架,在java中要进行数据库访问,需要使用JDBC,但是其步
骤中,加载驱动,获取Connection对象,获取Statement对象,获取结果,封装结果等操
作,都是些重复性操作,与业务关系不大;使用mybatis可以使得这些操作交给框架来做,
使得我们更加注重业务;
1.Mybatis框架搭建
mybatis搭建,需要用到其jar包,使用log4j的日志包,可以打印日志信息;
(1)通过maven下载jar包
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
(2)新建一个接口
public interface UserDao {
User findOne(int id);
}
(3)建立配置文件
在resource下新建logj.properties文件:
log4j.rootLogger = debug,stdout,D
#System out Console
log4j.appender.stdout = org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.Target = System.out
log4j.appender.stdout.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern = [%p] %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS} %m%n
#System out File
log4j.appender.D = org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
log4j.appender.D = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.D.File = E://logs/log.log
log4j.appender.D.Append = true
log4j.appender.D.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.D.layout.ConversionPattern = %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [ %t:%r ] - [ %p ] -[%l] %m%n
在resource下新建mybatis.xml;
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<properties resource="spring/config.properties"></properties>
<settings>
<setting name="logImpl" value="LOG4J"/>
</settings>
<typeAliases>
<package name="com.company.project.bean"/>
</typeAliases>
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="${driver}"/>
<property name="url" value="${url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${user}"/>
<property name="password" value="${password}"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<mappers>
<mapper resource="mapper/UserMapper.xml"></mapper>
</mappers>
</configuration>
其中configuration标签下的标签需要按照顺序添加;
在resource下新建mapper包,其中新建UserMapper.xml文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.company.project.dao.UserDao">
<!--新增操作-->
<insert id="insert">
insert into user(username,password) values(#{username},#{password})
</insert>
<!--修改操作-->
<update id="update">
update user set username=#{username},password=#{password} where id=#{id}
</update>
<!--删除操作-->
<delete id="delete">
delete from user where id=#{id}
</delete>
<!--结果集封装 其中标签顺序为id,result,association,collection,不可颠倒-->
<resultMap id="UserMap" type="User">
<!--property对应java类的字段 column对应查询结果集的字段-->
<id property="id" column="id"></id>
<result property="username" column="username"></result>
<result property="password" column="password"></result>
<!--查询可分步查询,也可以一次性查询所有数据,分步查询用于开启懒加载时比较合适,其中需要指定fetchType为lazy-->
<!--一对一关联,select指定查询的id,property指java属性,column指查询的列,可作为参数传入查询中,javaType指定查询后结果封装为类对象-->
<association select="selectClass" property="userClass" column="class" javaType="UserClass">
<result property="id" column="id"></result>
<result property="name" column="name"></result>
</association>
<!--一对多关联,其中部分属性与association相同,其中ofType指列表中的每一项的类型,于泛型类似-->
<collection select="selectCourse" property="courseList" column="course" ofType="Course" javaType="list">
<result property="id" column="id"></result>
<result property="name" column="name"></result>
</collection>
</resultMap>
<select id="selectClass" resultType="UserClass">
select * from class where id=#{class}
</select>
<select id="selectCourse" resultType="Course">
select * from course
</select>
<!--查询操作-->
<select id="findOne" resultMap="UserMap">
select * from user where id=#{id}
</select>
<select id="findAll" resultMap="UserMap">
select * from user
</select>
</mapper>
2.使用Mybatis
修改java类
为说明其中一对一,一对多映射,新建一个UserClass类,以及Course类:
@Component
public class UserClass {
private int id;
private String name;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "UserClass{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
@Component
public class Course {
private int id;
private String name;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Course{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
并且,在原本的User类中,添加一对一属性,以及一对多属性:
@Component(value = "user")
public class User {
private int id;
private String username;
private String password;
private UserClass userClass;
private List<Course> courseList;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public UserClass getUserClass() {
return userClass;
}
public void setUserClass(UserClass userClass) {
this.userClass = userClass;
}
public List<Course> getCourseList() {
return courseList;
}
public void setCourseList(List<Course> courseList) {
this.courseList = courseList;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"id=" + id +
", username='" + username + '\'' +
", password='" + password + '\'' +
", userClass=" + userClass +
", courseList=" + courseList +
'}';
}
}
修改数据库
在数据库中新建两个表,并插入相应数据:
CREATE TABLE class (
id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
NAME VARCHAR (32)
) ;
INSERT INTO class (NAME)
VALUES
('信管') ;
CREATE TABLE course (
id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
NAME VARCHAR (32)
) ;
INSERT INTO course (NAME) VALUE ('Java开发'),
('Python开发') ;
ALTER TABLE USER ADD COLUMN (
class INT) ;
ALTER TABLE USER ADD COLUMN (
course INT) ;
ALTER TABLE USER ADD CONSTRAINT user_class
FOREIGN KEY (class) REFERENCES class (id) ;
ALTER TABLE USER ADD CONSTRAINT user_course
FOREIGN KEY (course) REFERENCES course (id) ;
测试
使用mybatis需要用到其特殊的SqlSession类,将mapper映射到接口中,从而生成代理实现类
@Test
public void testMybatis(){
try {
//加载配置文件,其中Resources是mybatis中的类,获取会话工厂
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(Resources.getResourceAsReader("mybatis.xml"));
//通过会话工厂开启会话
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
//通过会话工厂获取到其实现类
UserDao userDao = sqlSession.getMapper(UserDao.class);
//执行实现类的方法
User user=userDao.findOne(1);
System.out.println(user);
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
笔记如有错误,遗漏之处,欢迎指正!