Android传递对象的三种方式

最新推荐文章于 2022-06-11 15:49:23 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-06-11 15:49:23 发布

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分类专栏： Android 文章标签： android

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_46546793/article/details/117443424

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迷茫，是青春最真实的状态；但奋斗，才是青春的主基调；努力是打败焦虑的绝好方法！

Android传递对象的三种方式

参考博客：Android传递对象的三种方法

Serializable接口

创建两个可序列化对象

Book.class

package com.hnucm.androiddemo.Model;

import java.io.Serializable;

//可序列化对象
public class Book implements Serializable {
    String name;
    Author author;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Author getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }

    public void setAuthor(Author author) {
        this.author = author;
    }

    public Book(String name, Author author) {
        this.name = name;
        this.author = author;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Book{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", author=" + author +
                '}';
    }
}

Author.class

package com.hnucm.androiddemo.Model;

import java.io.Serializable;
//可序列化对象
public class Author implements Serializable {
    String name;
    int age;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Author(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Author{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

进行序列化，利用Intent传递对象

MainActivity

package com.hnucm.androiddemo.Controller;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;

import com.hnucm.androiddemo.Model.Author;
import com.hnucm.androiddemo.Model.Book;
import com.hnucm.androiddemo.R;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        Button button = findViewById(R.id.button);
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                //创建传递的对象
                Author author = new Author("刘伟",35);
                Book book = new Book("Java设计模式",author);
                //采用Intent传递数据
                //从当前界面传递到另一个界面,确定传递方向
                Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this,SecondActivity.class);
                //利用标志String传递对象
                intent.putExtra("book",book);
                //执行,打开下一个界面
                startActivity(intent);
            }
        });
    }
}

进行反序列化，利用key来获取对象。

SecondActivity

package com.hnucm.androiddemo.Controller;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.hnucm.androiddemo.Model.Book;
import com.hnucm.androiddemo.R;

public class SecondActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_second);

        //初始化显示控件
        TextView textView = findViewById(R.id.textView);

        Button button = findViewById(R.id.button2);
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                //接收另一个界面传过来的对象
                //以标志String来确认接收对象
                Book book = (Book) getIntent().getSerializableExtra("book");
                textView.setText("书名：" + book.getName());
                Log.d("作者",book.getAuthor().getName());
            }
        });
    }
}

Parcelable接口

创建两个实现了Parcelable接口的对象
实现describeContents和writeToParcel方法

创建Parcelable.Creator接口的实例

Book.class

package com.hnucm.androiddemo.Model;

import android.os.Parcel;
import android.os.Parcelable;

//可序列化对象
public class Book implements Parcelable {
    String name;
    Author author;

    public Book(String name, Author author) {
        this.name = name;
        this.author = author;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Author getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }

    public void setAuthor(Author author) {
        this.author = author;
    }

    protected Book(Parcel in) {
        name = in.readString();
        author = in.readParcelable(Author.class.getClassLoader());
    }

    //实现方法
    @Override
    public int describeContents() {
        return 0;
    }

    //实现方法
    @Override
    public void writeToParcel(Parcel parcel, int i) {
        parcel.writeString(name);
        parcel.writeParcelable(author, i);
    }

    //创建Creator接口实例
    public static final Creator<Book> CREATOR = new Creator<Book>() {
        @Override
        public Book createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
            return new Book(in);
        }

        @Override
        public Book[] newArray(int size) {
            return new Book[size];
        }
    };
}

Author.class

package com.hnucm.androiddemo.Model;

import android.os.Parcel;
import android.os.Parcelable;

//可序列化对象
public class Author implements Parcelable {
    String name;
    int age;

    public Author(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    protected Author(Parcel in) {
        name = in.readString();
        age = in.readInt();
    }

    //实现方法
    @Override
    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
        dest.writeString(name);
        dest.writeInt(age);
    }

    //实现方法
    @Override
    public int describeContents() {
        return 0;
    }

    //创建Creator接口实例
    public static final Creator<Author> CREATOR = new Creator<Author>() {
        @Override
        public Author createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
            return new Author(in);
        }

        @Override
        public Author[] newArray(int size) {
            return new Author[size];
        }
    };
}

进行序列化，利用Intent进行传递
进行反序列化，利用key获取对象
MainActivity代码不变，SecondActivity代码只要把获取对象的方法由getSerializableExtra改为getParcelableExtra即可。

Json字符串

首先引入gson依赖，使其可以使用gson转换对象为json格式

compile 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.6.2'

创建对象，成员变量可以并推荐private

Book.class

package com.hnucm.androiddemo.Model;

//对象
public class Book {
    private String name;
    private Author author;

    public Book(String name, Author author) {
        this.name = name;
        this.author = author;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Author getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }

    public void setAuthor(Author author) {
        this.author = author;
    }

}

Author.class

package com.hnucm.androiddemo.Model;

//对象
public class Author {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public Author(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

}

将对象转换为json格式，使用Intent传递（序列化）

MainActivity

package com.hnucm.androiddemo.Controller;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.hnucm.androiddemo.Model.Author;
import com.hnucm.androiddemo.Model.Book;
import com.hnucm.androiddemo.R;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        Button button = findViewById(R.id.button);
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                //创建传递的对象
                Author author = new Author("刘伟",35);
                Book book = new Book("Java设计模式",author);
                //采用Intent传递数据
                //从当前界面传递到另一个界面,确定传递方向
                Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this,SecondActivity.class);
                //利用标志String传递对象,采用json格式传递
                intent.putExtra("book",new Gson().toJson(book));
                //执行,打开下一个界面
                startActivity(intent);
            }
        });
    }
}

将对象从json格式转换回对象（反序列化）

SecondActivity

package com.hnucm.androiddemo.Controller;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.hnucm.androiddemo.Model.Book;
import com.hnucm.androiddemo.R;

public class SecondActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_second);

        //初始化显示控件
        TextView textView = findViewById(R.id.textView);

        Button button = findViewById(R.id.button2);
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                //接收另一个界面传过来的对象
                //根据key值保存传递过来的json字符串
                String bookJson = getIntent().getStringExtra("book");
                //将json字符串按照对象格式转换回对象
                Book book = new Gson().fromJson(bookJson,Book.class);
                textView.setText("书名：" + book.getName());
                Log.d("作者",book.getAuthor().getName());
            }
        });
    }
}

三种方式的性能对比

转换为字符串的方式是最慢的。
Serializable次之，Parcelable比Serializable快十倍，所以按照性能都是用Parcelable。
但是Parcelable中有大量重复代码，那么就要简化Parcelable的使用。

简化Parcelable

引入第三方库进行简化操作
常见的有Parceler、auto-parcel、ParcelableCodeGenerator、ParcelableGenerator等等。

Parceler

注意事项：

对象类一定要有构造函数。
类的成员变量权限不为private。

添加依赖

implementation 'org.parceler:parceler-api:1.1.12'
annotationProcessor 'org.parceler:parceler:1.1.12'

添加注解，表示对象实现Parcelable接口，简化操作
- Book.class

package com.hnucm.androiddemo.Model;

import org.parceler.Parcel;

//注解
@Parcel
//对象
public class Book {
    //成员变量权限不能为private
    String name;
    Author author;
    //一定要有构造方法
    public Book(){

    }

    public Book(String name, Author author) {
        this.name = name;
        this.author = author;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Author getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }

    public void setAuthor(Author author) {
        this.author = author;
    }

}

Author.class

package com.hnucm.androiddemo.Model;

import org.parceler.Parcel;

//注解
@Parcel
//对象
public class Author {
    //成员变量权限不为private
    String name;
    int age;
    //一定要有构造方法
    public Author(){

    }

    public Author(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

}

使用Parcels.wrap包装对象进行传递

MainActivity

package com.hnucm.androiddemo.Controller;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Parcel;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import com.hnucm.androiddemo.Model.Author;
import com.hnucm.androiddemo.Model.Book;
import com.hnucm.androiddemo.R;

import org.parceler.Parcels;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        Button button = findViewById(R.id.button);
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                //创建传递的对象
                Author author = new Author("刘伟",35);
                Book book = new Book("Java设计模式",author);
                //采用Intent传递数据
                //从当前界面传递到另一个界面,确定传递方向
                Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this,SecondActivity.class);
                //使用Parcels.wrap包装一个Parcelable对象，进行传递
                intent.putExtra("book", Parcels.wrap(book));
                //执行,打开下一个界面
                startActivity(intent);
            }
        });
    }
}

使用Parcels.unwrap恢复对象

SecondActivity

package com.hnucm.androiddemo.Controller;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
import com.hnucm.androiddemo.Model.Book;
import com.hnucm.androiddemo.R;

import org.parceler.Parcels;

public class SecondActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_second);

        //初始化显示控件
        TextView textView = findViewById(R.id.textView);

        Button button = findViewById(R.id.button2);
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                //接收另一个界面传过来的对象
                //采用Parcels.unwrap恢复对象
                Book book = Parcels.unwrap(getIntent().getParcelableExtra("book"));
                textView.setText("书名：" + book.getName());
                Log.d("作者",book.getAuthor().getName());
            }
        });
    }
}

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Android传递对象的三种方式

迷茫，是青春最真实的状态；但奋斗，才是青春的主基调；努力是打败焦虑的绝好方法！Android传递对象的三种方式参考博客：Android传递对象的三种方法Serializable接口创建两个可序列化对象Book.classpackage com.hnucm.androiddemo.Model;import java.io.Serializable;//可序列化对象public class Book implements Serializable { String ..
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