一、拷贝的两种形式
1.引用拷贝
创建一个指向对象的引用变量的拷贝。
public class QuoteCopy {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Teacher teacher = new Teacher("donglin", 28);
Teacher otherTeacher = teacher;
System.out.println(teacher);
System.out.println(otherTeacher);
}
}
class Teacher {
private String name;
private int age;
public Teacher(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
输出结果:
com.donglin.ss.Teacher@1540e19d
com.donglin.ss.Teacher@1540e19d
结果分析:由输出结果可以看出,它们的地址值是相同的,那么它们肯定是同一个对象。teacher和otherTeacher的只是引用而已,他们都指向了一个相同的对象Teacher(“donglin”,28)。 这就叫做引用拷贝。
2.对象拷贝
创建对象本身的一个副本。
public class ObjectCopy {
public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
Teacher1 teacher = new Teacher1("donglin", 28);
Teacher1 otherTeacher = (Teacher1) teacher.clone();
System.out.println(teacher);
System.out.println(otherTeacher);
}
}
class Teacher1 implements Cloneable {
private String name;
private int age;
public Teacher1(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
Object object = super.clone();
return object;
}
}
输出结果:
com.donglin.ss.Teacher1@1540e19d
com.donglin.ss.Teacher1@677327b6
深拷贝和浅拷贝都是对象拷贝
Object.clone()方法属于浅拷贝。如果想使用深拷贝,必须在类里面重写clone()方法。
二、浅拷贝
1.定义
被复制对象的所有变量都含有与原来的对象相同的值,而所有的对其他对象的引用仍然指向原来的对象。即对象的浅拷贝会对“主”对象进行拷贝,但不会复制主对象里面的对象。”里面的对象“会在原来的对象和它的副本之间共享。
简而言之,浅拷贝仅仅复制所考虑的对象,而不复制它所引用的对象。
2.浅拷贝实例
public class ShallowCopy {
public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
Teacher teacher = new Teacher();
teacher.setName("donglin");
teacher.setAge(28);
Student student1 = new Student();
student1.setName("huya");
student1.setAge(18);
student1.setTeacher(teacher);
Student student2 = (Student) student1.clone();
System.out.println("-------------拷贝后-------------");
System.out.println(student2.getName());
System.out.println(student2.getAge());
System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getName());
System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getAge());
System.out.println("-------------修改老师的信息后-------------");
// 修改老师的信息
teacher.setName("lisi");
System.out.println("student1的teacher为: " + student1.getTeacher().getName());
System.out.println("student2的teacher为: " + student2.getTeacher().getName());
student1.setAge(10);
System.out.println(student1.getAge());
System.out.println(student2.getAge());
}
}
class Teacher implements Cloneable {
private String name;
private int age;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
class Student implements Cloneable {
private String name;
private int age;
private Teacher teacher;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Teacher getTeacher() {
return teacher;
}
public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
this.teacher = teacher;
}
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
Object object = super.clone();
return object;
}
}
输出结果:
-------------拷贝后-------------
huya
18
donglin
28
-------------修改老师的信息后-------------
student1的teacher为: lisi
student2的teacher为: lisi
10
18
结果分析: 两个引用student1和student2指向不同的两个对象,但是两个引用student1和student2中的两个teacher引用指向的是同一个对象,所以说明是浅拷贝。
三、深拷贝
1.定义
深拷贝是一个整个独立的对象拷贝,深拷贝会拷贝所有的属性,并拷贝属性指向的动态分配的内存。当对象和它所引用的对象一起拷贝时即发生深拷贝。深拷贝相比于浅拷贝速度较慢并且花销较大。
简而言之,深拷贝把要复制的对象所引用的对象都复制了一遍。
2.深拷贝实例
public class DeepCopy {
public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
Teacher teacher = new Teacher();
teacher.setName("donglin");
teacher.setAge(28);
Student student1 = new Student();
student1.setName("huya");
student1.setAge(18);
student1.setTeacher(teacher);
Student student2 = (Student) student1.clone();
System.out.println("-------------拷贝后-------------");
System.out.println(student2.getName());
System.out.println(student2.getAge());
System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getName());
System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getAge());
System.out.println("-------------修改老师的信息后-------------");
// 修改老师的信息
teacher.setName("lisi");
System.out.println("student1的teacher为: " + student1.getTeacher().getName());
System.out.println("student2的teacher为: " + student2.getTeacher().getName());
}
}
class Teacher implements Cloneable {
private String name;
private int age;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
return super.clone();
}
}
class Student implements Cloneable {
private String name;
private int age;
private Teacher teacher;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Teacher getTeacher() {
return teacher;
}
public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
this.teacher = teacher;
}
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
// 浅复制时:
// Object object = super.clone();
// return object;
// 改为深复制:
Student student = (Student) super.clone();
// 本来是浅复制,现在将Teacher对象复制一份并重新set进来
student.setTeacher((Teacher) student.getTeacher().clone());
return student;
}
}
输出结果:
-------------拷贝后-------------
huya
18
donglin
28
-------------修改老师的信息后-------------
student1的teacher为: lisi
student2的teacher为: donglin
结果分析:
两个引用student1和student2指向不同的两个对象,两个引用student1和student2中的两个teacher引用指向的是两个对象,但对teacher对象的修改只能影响student1对象,所以说是深拷贝。
四、什么是浅拷贝和深拷贝
浅拷贝(shallow copy):只复制指向某个对象的指针,而不复制对象本身,新旧对象共享一块内存;
深拷贝(deep copy):复制并创建一个一摸一样的对象,不共享内存,修改新对象,旧对象保持不变;
- 拷贝浅是创建一个新对象,这个对象有着原始对象属性值的一份精确拷贝。如果属性是基本类型,拷贝的就是基本类型的值,如果属性是引用类型,拷贝的就是内存地址,所以如果其中一个对象改变了这个地址,就会影响到另一个对象。
- 深拷贝是将一个对象从内存中完整的拷贝一份出来,从堆内存中开辟一个新的区域存放新对象,且修改新对象不会影响原对象。