Python+Selenium实现12306买票

现场环境：python 3.7.7，selenium3.14

• 代码在原先基础上加了滑动验证，在第一版(2020年底)12306网站没了图片验证，难度降低了不少嘿嘿嘿。在跳转买票的代码前做过对时间转整数的判定，效果很凄惨，还是不能做到“抢”票的概念，哎。有大佬有很好用的抢票的，就安利我一下呗

遇到的问题：

• 解救滑块验证的英雄：script = “Object.defineProperty(navigator, ‘webdriver’, {get:()=>undefined,});”
• 在选择出发/到达地 用的拼音缩写：在去除掉表单的只读貌似不管用。
• 谷歌驱动：按照收集的方案好像都不适用，没办法时就重装了谷歌默认安装，把驱动放到谷歌文件夹里它就好了。
• 在装selenium库时报错本地有不兼容的库，按照报错提示去重装对应的版本。
• 在选票和乘车人时，好像可以用文本去匹配（我没写）
• 了解一下：selenium库，time库，id选择器，（多线程）

代码如下

import time
import datetime
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver import Chrome, ActionChains
# #防止网站禁止selenium
# script = "Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'webdriver', {get:()=>undefined,});"



def login():
    from_name = "HZ"      #出发站拼音简写 
    to_name = "XY"			#到达站拼音简写
    to_date = "2022-03-29"
    #set_name = '硬座'
    username = '账号'
    password = '密码'
    #options=webdriver.ChromeOptions()
    # 忽略无用的日志
    # options.add_experimental_option("excludeSwitches", ['enable-automation', 'enable-logging'])
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()         #chrome_options=options
    driver.maximize_window()
    driver.get("https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/login.html")
    script = "Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'webdriver', {get:()=>undefined,});"    #防止浏览器禁止Selenium
    driver.execute_script(script)
    # time.sleep(1)
    #driver.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/div[2]/url/li[2]/a").click()
    time.sleep(2)
    # // *[ @ id = "s-top-loginbtn"]
    #driver.find_element_by_id("J-userName").send_keys(username)
    #driver.find_elements_by_id("J-password").send_keys(username)
    driver.find_element(By.ID, 'J-userName').send_keys(username)
    time.sleep(1)
    driver.find_element(By.ID, 'J-password').send_keys(password)
    time.sleep(0.7)
    driver.find_element(By.ID, 'J-login').click()
    time.sleep(3)
    #滑动验证
    try:
        span = driver.find_element(By.ID, 'nc_1_n1z')
        action = ActionChains(driver)
        action.click_and_hold(span)
        time.sleep(4)
        action.move_by_offset(300, 0).perform()
    except Exception as a1:
        print(a1)
    finally:
      
        time.sleep(3)   #改小了和没有就报错
        #driver.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, 'ok').click()
        driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'a.ok').click()    #点击‘确定’ 消失弹窗
        time.sleep(1)
        driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'a[name="g_href"]').click()    #点击 ‘首页’
        time.sleep(1)
        #driver.execute_script('document.getElementById("fromStationText").removeAttribute("readOnly");')  #除去表单的只读

        from_input = driver.find_element(By.ID, "fromStationText")
        from_input.click()
        from_input.clear()
        time.sleep(1)
        from_input.send_keys(from_name)
        time.sleep(2)
        from_input.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
        time.sleep(1)
        from_input.send_keys(Keys.TAB)
        time.sleep(2)
        to_input = driver.find_element(By.ID, 'toStationText')  # 编写到达地
        to_input.click()
        to_input.clear()
        time.sleep(3)
        to_input.send_keys(to_name)
        time.sleep(2)
        to_input.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
        time.sleep(2)

        todo_date = driver.find_element(By.ID, 'train_date')
        todo_date.clear()
        todo_date.click()
        time.sleep(1)
        todo_date.send_keys(to_date)
        time.sleep(1)
        driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'i.icon').click()
        time.sleep(5)
        driver.find_element(By.ID, 'search_one').click()
        n = driver.window_handles  #页面句柄
        driver.switch_to.window(n[-1])
        time.sleep(0.6)
        driver.find_elements(By.CLASS_NAME, "btn72")[1].click()
        time.sleep(0.3)
        driver.find_element(By.ID, 'normalPassenger_0').click()    #0 是第一个乘车人
        time.sleep(0.2)
        driver.find_element(By.ID, 'seatType_1').click()
        time.sleep(0.2)
        driver.find_element(By.ID, 'submitOrder_id').click()        #提交订单
        time.sleep(0.2)
        #driver.find_element(By.ID, 'qr_submit_id').click()      #最后抢票弹窗的确认


        time.sleep(500)
        driver.close()





if __name__ == '__main__':
    login()

尝试过得判断时间，不过没啥效果0.0

import datetime

M = 29  
i = 59
y = 1

while True:
      time_local = datetime.datetime.today().strftime("%H-%M-%S-%f")
      list_test = time_local.split('-')
      print(list_test)
      if int(list_test[1]) == M and int(list_test[2]) == i and int(list_test[3]) > y:
        break
      else:
          print(list_test)

你可以在这两处time.sleep( )里的值改小一点，然后观察一下。我用了很多的 time.sleep() 是真的怕了