Linux----基本命令

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已于 2022-03-11 17:37:15 修改

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分类专栏：红帽RHCSA 文章标签： linux 运维服务器

于 2021-11-22 18:51:07 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_46635171/article/details/121477022

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本文介绍了在Linux环境中通过终端进行网络配置的方法，包括查看IP地址、使用dhclient获取IP、关闭网络进程以及远程连接Linux系统的步骤。内容涵盖了网络接口状态、IP地址分配和shell命令的使用，如ifconfig、dhclient和ssh等。

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通过终端窗口输入指令（推荐通过远程终端进行操作）

执行命令的三要素：我是谁我在哪我要做什么

基本命令

[root@localhost ~]# 命令提示符

用户名@主机名用户家目录 #管理员的标识符 $普通用户的标识符

ip a 查看ip地址 ifconfig

[root@localhost ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000    ----没有ip地址
    link/ether 00:0c:29:fa:92:8a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:f5:4e:b8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:f5:4e:b8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
[root@localhost ~]# dhclient       ---发起自动获取地址（并且主机默认网络断开，会连接网络），如果没有输出信息执行成功
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000                  ----虚拟机真实网卡信息
    link/ether 00:0c:29:d9:7e:e1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.220.130/24 brd 192.168.220.255 scope global dynamic ens160
       valid_lft 1692sec preferred_lft 1692sec
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:cc:7c:f7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:cc:7c:f7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

第二种情况

[root@localhost ~]# dhclient
dhclient(3220) is already running - exiting.

This version of ISC DHCP is based on the release available
on ftp.isc.org. Features have been added and other changes
have been made to the base software release in order to make
it work better with this distribution.

Please report issues with this software via:
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/

exiting.
[root@localhost ~]#  kill  3220   结束已存在的dhclient进程  或者killall dhclient
[root@localhost ~]# dhclient       ---发起自动获取地址，如果没有输出信息执行成功
[root@localhost ~]#

[root@localhost ~]#  ip  a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000                  ----虚拟机真实网卡信息
    link/ether 00:0c:29:d9:7e:e1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.220.130/24 brd 192.168.220.255 scope global dynamic ens160
       valid_lft 1692sec preferred_lft 1692sec
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:cc:7c:f7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:cc:7c:f7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

第三种

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens160
ens160: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.220.128  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.220.255
        ether 00:0c:29:fa:92:8a  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 766  bytes 102668 (100.2 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 780  bytes 76779 (74.9 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

远程连接 xshell远程连接软件

[C:\~]$ ssh 192.168.220.128 写自己虚拟的ip地址

linux学习环境

通过vmware虚拟机软件+ 创建虚拟机（主机网络模式nat 仅主机桥接，ide sata scsi 2G）+链接iso光盘镜像文件（RHEL-8.1）

查看当前主机发行版信息

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux release 8.1 (Ootpa)

查看内核版本

[root@localhost ~]# uname -r
4.18.0-147.el8.x86_64

linux关机命令：

shutdown -h now (正常关机) 或者 poweroff （断电关机）

linux重启命令：

reboot == shutdown -r now

命令格式：（判断命令执行成功（执行命令没有任何输出信息；执行命令提示对应命令显示的结果））

#命令 ifconfig

#命令参数(对象) ip a / kill 7345 | ifconfig ens160

#命令 -选项

#命令 -选项参数 ls -l ls --long

--长选项

shell 命令解释器

查看系统默认所支持的shell

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/shells
/bin/sh
/bin/bash
/usr/bin/sh
/usr/bin/bash
[root@localhost ~]# chsh -l
/bin/sh
/bin/bash
/usr/bin/sh
/usr/bin/bash

查看系统默认使用的shell程序----bash shell

[root@localhost ~]# echo $SHELL
/bin/bash