MySQL5.7版本在CentOS系统安装
注意:安装操作需要root权限
MySQL的安装我们可以通过前面学习的yum命令进行。
安装
-
配置yum仓库
# 更新密钥 rpm --import https://repo.mysql.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022 # 安装Mysql yum库 rpm -Uvh http://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm
由于MySQL并不在CentOS的官方仓库中,所以我们通过上述rpm命令:
- 导入MySQL仓库的密钥
- 配置MySQLQ的yum仓库
-
使用yum安装MySQL
# yum安装Mysql yum -y install mysql-community-server
-
安装完成后,启动MySQL并配置开机自启动
systemctl start mysqld # 启动 systemctl enable mysqld # 开机自启
MySQL安装完成后,会自动配置为名称叫做:
mysqld
的服务,可以被systemctl所管理 -
检查MySQL的运行状态
systemctl status mysqld
配置
主要配置管理员用户root的密码以及配置允许远程登录的权限。
-
获取MySQL的初始密码
# 通过grep命令,在/var/log/mysqld.log文件中,过滤temporary password关键字,得到初始密码 grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
-
登陆MySQL数据库系统
# 执行 mysql -uroot -p # 解释 # -u,登陆的用户,MySQL数据库的管理员用户同Linux一样,是root # -p,表示使用密码登陆 # 执行完毕后输入刚刚得到的初始密码,即可进入MySQL数据库
-
修改root用户密码
# 在MySQL控制台内执行 ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '密码'; -- 密码需要符合:大于8位,有大写字母,有特殊符号,不能是连续的简单语句如123,abc
-
[扩展],配置root的简单密码
我们可以给root设置简单密码,如123456.
请注意,此配置仅仅是用于测试环境或学习环境的MySQL,如果是正式使用,请勿设置简单密码
# 如果你想设置简单密码,需要降低Mysql的密码安全级别 set global validate_password_policy=LOW; # 密码安全级别低 set global validate_password_length=4; # 密码长度最低4位即可 # 然后就可以用简单密码了(课程中使用简单密码,为了方便,生产中不要这样) ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '简单密码';
-
[扩展],配置root运行远程登录
默认情况下,root用户是不运行远程登录的,只允许在MySQL所在的Linux服务器登陆MySQL系统
请注意,允许root远程登录会带来安全风险
# 授权root远程登录 grant all privileges on *.* to root@"IP地址" identified by '密码' with grant option; # IP地址即允许登陆的IP地址,也可以填写%,表示允许任何地址 # 密码表示给远程登录独立设置密码,和本地登陆的密码可以不同 # 刷新权限,生效 flush privileges;
-
退出MySQL控制台页面
# 退出命令 exit # 或者通过快捷键退出:ctrl + d
-
检查端口
MySQL默认绑定了3306端口,可以通过端口占用检查MySQL的网络状态
netstat -anp | grep 3306
至此,MySQL就安装完成并可用了,请妥善保存好MySQL的root密码。
遇到的问题(按上述步骤可忽略)
[aurora@localhost ~]$ su
Password:
[root@localhost aurora]# wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost aurora]# yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost aurora]# yum -y install mysql-community-server
[root@localhost aurora]# whereis mysql
mysql: /usr/lib64/mysql /usr/share/mysql
[root@localhost aurora]# find / -name mysql
find: ‘/run/user/1000/gvfs’: Permission denied
/etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mysql
/usr/lib64/mysql
/usr/share/mysql
[root@localhost aurora]# rpm -qa|grep mysql
mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch
[root@localhost aurora]# rpm -qa|grep mysql
mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch
[root@localhost aurora]# yum -y install mysql-community-server
[root@localhost aurora]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost aurora]# rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost aurora]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install mysql-server
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum -y remove mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch
[root@localhost aurora]# wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost aurora]# yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost aurora]# yum -y install mysql-community-server
[root@localhost aurora]# service mysqld start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysqld.service
Failed to start mysqld.service: Unit not found.
[root@localhost aurora]# systemctl start mysql.service
Failed to start mysql.service: Unit not found.
[root@localhost aurora]# systemctl restart mysqld.service
Failed to restart mysqld.service: Unit not found.
[root@localhost aurora]# systemctl start mysqld
Failed to start mysqld.service: Unit not found.
[root@localhost aurora]# systemctl start mysqld.service
Failed to start mysqld.service: Unit not found.
[root@localhost aurora]# yum install -y mysql-server
[root@localhost aurora]# rpm --import https://repo.mysql.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022
[root@localhost aurora]# yum install -y mysql-serverLoaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
[root@localhost aurora]# rpm -qa |grep mysqlmysql-community-common-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64
mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch
mysql-community-server-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-client-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-libs-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost aurora]# systemctl start mysqld.service
[root@localhost aurora]# systemctl status mysqld
[root@localhost aurora]# vim /etc/my.cnf
添加一行登陆时跳过验证的
[root@localhost aurora]# systemctl start mysqld.service
[root@localhost aurora]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.38 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright © 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
±-------------------+
| Database |
±-------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
±-------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>