实验八、网络管理

1、编写基于socket的udp发送接收程序

本次实验与计算机网络实验课程内容有重叠，因为之前做过windows下的socket编程，掌握了代码思路，所以本次实验的代码也相对比较容易理解。

TCP/IP协议族：

UDP协议：

client.c:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
​
#define PORT        40000
#define BUF_SIZE        1024
​
int main(void)
{
    int sock_fd;
    char buffer[BUF_SIZE];
    int size;
    int len;
    int ret;
    struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
    if(-1 == (sock_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_IP)) ){
        printf("Failed to create a socket!\n");
        return 0;
    }
​
    //server infomation
    memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr));
    server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    server_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);//端口号
    server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");//本机默认IP地址
    bzero(buffer, BUF_SIZE);
    len = sizeof(server_addr);
​
    //read from stdin and send to server
    while(1){
        printf("Please enter the content to be sent:\n");
        size = read(0, buffer, BUF_SIZE);
        if(size){
            sendto(sock_fd, buffer, size, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&server_addr, len);
            bzero(buffer, BUF_SIZE);
        }
    }
    close(sock_fd);
    return 0;
}

server.c:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
​
#define PORT        40000
#define BUF_SIZE    1024
​
int main(void)
{
    int sock_fd;
    int len;
    char buffer[BUF_SIZE];
    struct sockaddr_in server_addr, client_addr;
    if(-1 == (sock_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) )
    {
        printf("Failed to create a socket!\n");
        return 0;
    }
    //server information
    memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr));
    server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    server_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
    server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    if(-1 == bind(sock_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr))) //绑定端口号
    {
        printf("Failed to bind the socket!\n");
        return 0;
    }
    len = sizeof(client_addr);
    
    //rec and print
    while(1)
    {
        bzero(buffer, BUF_SIZE);
        if(-1 != (recvfrom(sock_fd, buffer, BUF_SIZE, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&client_addr, &len)) )
        {
            printf("The message received is: %s", buffer);
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

gcc命令编译运行：

 打开两个终端，客户端发消息、服务端实时接收消息：

客户端：

服务端：

 

2、使用 tshark 抓包

ifconfig命令查看网卡配置信息：

使用本机的lo接口：

tshark -i lo -n -f 'udp port 40000'       //直接把抓包结果输出到命令行
tshark -i lo -n -f 'udp port 40000' -T pdml > /root/task2.xml    //把抓包结果以指定格式输出到指定文件中

打开三个终端，分别作为客户端、服务端以及运行抓包程序：

客户端：

服务端：

运行抓包程序：

出错，找不到命令，原因是未安装wireshark，所以使用dnf安装，又出错，提示未找到包：

说明所配置的yum源中没有该包，方便起见，使用自带的tcpdump命令进行抓包，也能达到理想效果：

可以看到抓包程序抓取到4个本地回环网络的包，就是客户端发给服务端的4条字符串。

3、使用 setsockopt 发送记录路由选项

client.c:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
​
#define PORT        40000
#define BUF_SIZE        1024
​
int main(void)
{
    int sock_fd;
    char buffer[BUF_SIZE];
    char rrbuf[28];
    int size;
    int len;
    int ret;
​
    struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
​
    if(-1 == (sock_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_IP)) ){
        printf("Failed to create a socket!\n");
        return 0;
    }
​
    //server infomation
    memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr));
    server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    server_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
    server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
    bzero(buffer, BUF_SIZE);
    len = sizeof(server_addr);
​
    //read from stdin and send to server
    while(1){
        printf("Please enter the content to be sent:\n");
        size = read(0, buffer, BUF_SIZE);
        if(size){
            bzero(rrbuf,sizeof(rrbuf));
            rrbuf[0] = 0x07;
            rrbuf[1] = sizeof(rrbuf) - 1;
            rrbuf[2] = 4;
            rrbuf[sizeof(rrbuf) - 1] = 0;
            
            ret = setsockopt(sock_fd,IPPROTO_IP,IP_OPTIONS,(void*)rrbuf,sizeof(rrbuf));
            if(-1 == ret){
                printf("setsockopt error!\n");
                return 0;
            }
​
            sendto(sock_fd, buffer, size, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&server_addr, len);
            bzero(buffer, BUF_SIZE);
        }
    }
    close(sock_fd);
    return 0;
}

server.c:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
​
#define PORT        40000
#define BUF_SIZE    1024
​
int main(void)
{
    int sock_fd;
    int len;
    char buffer[BUF_SIZE];
    struct sockaddr_in server_addr, client_addr;
    if(-1 == (sock_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) )
    {
        printf("Failed to create a socket!\n");
        return 0;
    }
    //server information
    memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr));
    server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    server_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
    server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    if(-1 == bind(sock_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)))
    {
        printf("Failed to bind the socket!\n");
        return 0;
    }
    len = sizeof(client_addr);
    
    //rec and print
    while(1)
    {
        bzero(buffer, BUF_SIZE);
        if(-1 != (recvfrom(sock_fd, buffer, BUF_SIZE, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&client_addr, &len)) )
        {
            printf("The message received is: %s", buffer);
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

编译、测试：

• 客户端：

• 服务端：

• 抓包程序：

• 查看抓包保存的文件：

可以看到，抓取到了四条从客户端发送到服务端的消息以及其余信息。