JAVA继承中的访问和super

访问变量优先级:子类局部变量>子类成员变量>父类成员变量

访问成员方法优先级:子类成员方法>父类成员方法

如果想先访问父类成员方法,用super.方法名()

访问变量优先级测试代码:

package Experience;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args){
      Teacher te=new Teacher();
      te.act();
    }
}

package Experience;
public class Student {
   private String name;
   private int age=70;
   Student(){

   }
   Student(String name,int age){
       this.name=name;
       this.age=age;
   }
    public void show(){
        System.out.println(name+","+age);
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public  void setAge(int age){
        if(age<=0){
            System.out.println("年龄错误");
        }else{
            this.age=age;
        }
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
}

package Experience;

public class Teacher extends Student {
    public int age=80;
   public void act(){
       int age=90;
       System.out.println(age);
   }
}

如果我们要访问父类成员变量,使用super,

super.name    super.age都是指向父类的成员变量

和this.name   this.age的用法一样

package Experience;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String args[]){
      Teacher te=new Teacher();
      te.act();
    }
}

package Experience;
public class Student {
   private String name="小兰";
   public int age=70;
   Student(){

   }
   Student(String name,int age){
       this.name=name;
       this.age=age;
   }
    public void show(){
        System.out.println(name+","+age);
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public  void setAge(int age){
        if(age<=0){
            System.out.println("年龄错误");
        }else{
            this.age=age;
        }
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
}

package Experience;

public class Teacher extends Student {
    public int age=80;
   public void act(){
       int age=90;
       System.out.println(age);
       //父类的成员变量没有被private修饰用super.age
       //如果有private用super.getAge()
       System.out.println(super.age);
       System.out.println(super.getName());
   }
}

 但是提到super,在子类的构造方法中,第一行语句必须是调用父类的构造方法,没有的话编译器会自动加上super()

注意:是调用父类的无参构造方法,语句是super();

        调用父类有参构造方法,语句是super(参数);

下面看例子:

package Experience;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String args[]){
      Teacher te=new Teacher();
    }
}

package Experience;
public class Student {
   private String name="小兰";
   public int age=70;
   Student(){
            System.out.println("父类无参");
   }
   Student(String name,int age){
       this.name=name;
       this.age=age;
       System.out.println("父类有参");
   }
    public void show(){
        System.out.println(name+","+age);
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public  void setAge(int age){
        if(age<=0){
            System.out.println("年龄错误");
        }else{
            this.age=age;
        }
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
}

package Experience;

public class Teacher extends Student {
    public int age=80;
    Teacher(){
        super();
        System.out.println("子类无参");
    }
    Teacher(int age){
        super("小华",20);
        System.out.println("子类带参");
    }
}