文章目录
TTL延迟队列使用的场景
1.订单在十分钟之内未支付则自动取消
2.新创建的店铺,如果在十天内都没有上传过商品,则自动发送消息提醒。
3.用户注册成功后,如果三天内没有登陆则进行短信提醒。
4.用户发起退款,如果三天内没有得到处理则通知相关运营人员。
5.预定会议后,需要在预定的时间点前十分钟通知各个与会人员参加会议
springboot整合mq
//
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--RabbitMQ 测试依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-rabbit-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
TTL队列的优化过程(找问题,解决问题,优化代码)
配置类,配置两个交换机,两个死信队列,一个普通队列
package com.example.demo.mq;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@Configuration
public class TtlQueueConfig {
public static final String normalExchange = "normalX";
public static final String queue_A = "queue_A";
public static final String queue_B = "queue_B";
public static final String deadExchange = "deadY";
public static final String deadExchange_letter_queuq = "queueD";
@Bean
public DirectExchange normalExchange() {
return new DirectExchange(normalExchange);
}
@Bean
public DirectExchange deadExchange() {
return new DirectExchange(deadExchange);
}
@Bean
public Queue queueA() {
Map<String, Object> args = new HashMap<>();
args.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", deadExchange);
args.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "YD");
args.put("x-message-ttl", 10000);
return QueueBuilder.durable(queue_A).withArguments(args).build();
}
// 声明队列 A 绑定 X 交换机
@Bean
public Binding queueBindingX(@Qualifier("queueA") Queue queueA,
@Qualifier("normalExchange") DirectExchange xExchange) {
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueA).to(xExchange).with("XA");
}
@Bean
public Queue queueB() {
Map<String, Object> args = new HashMap<>();
args.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", deadExchange);
args.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "YD");
args.put("x-message-ttl", 1000);
return QueueBuilder.durable(queue_B).withArguments(args).build();
}
@Bean
public Binding queueBBindX(@Qualifier("queueB") Queue queueB,
@Qualifier("normalExchange") DirectExchange xExchange) {
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueB).to(normalExchange()).with("XB");
}
@Bean
public Queue queueD() {
return new Queue(deadExchange_letter_queuq);
}
@Bean
public Binding queueDBindY(@Qualifier("queueD") Queue queueD,
@Qualifier("deadExchange") DirectExchange deadExchange) {
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueD).to(deadExchange).with("YD");
}
}
生产者
package com.example.demo.mq;
import lombok.extern.log4j.Log4j;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import java.util.Date;
@RequestMapping("ttl")
@Controller
@Slf4j
public class Producer {
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@GetMapping("sendMsg/{message}")
public void sendMsg(@PathVariable("message") String message) {
log.info("消息来了" + new Date().toString() + message);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("normalX", "XA", "10s"+message.getBytes());
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("normalX", "XB", "1s"+message.getBytes());
}
}
消费者
package com.example.demo.mq;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Date;
@Slf4j
@Component
public class Consumer {
@RabbitListener(queues = "queueD")
public void receiveD(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException {
String msg = new String(message.getBody());
log.info("当前时间:{},收到死信队列信息{}", new Date().toString(), msg);
}
}
解决问题一:当需要一个新的死信时间时,就需要重新声明一个队列
解决思路:在生产者处声明消息的过期时间(不在声明队列的时候绑定时间)
public void sendMsg(@PathVariable("msg") String msg, @PathVariable("ttlTime") String ttlTime) {
log.info("消息来了" + new Date().toString() + msg + ttlTime);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(TtlQueueConfig.normalExchange,
"XC", msg.getBytes(), correlationData -> {
correlationData.getMessageProperties().setExpiration(ttlTime);
return correlationData;
});
}
问题又来了,当只有一个队列的时候,先输入长时间的消息再输入短时间过期的消息,短时间过期的消息会在长过期消息输出后在输出
因为 RabbitMQ 只会检查第一个消息是否过期,如果过期则丢到死信队列,
如果第一个消息的延时时长很长,而第二个消息的延时时长很短,第二个消息并不会优先得到执行
解决方法: Rabbitmq 插件实现延迟队列
//交换机的类型为x-delayed-message
//x-delayed-type设置为direct交换机
@Bean
public CustomExchange customExchange() {
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("x-delayed-type", "direct");
return new CustomExchange(DELAYED_EXCHANGE_NAME, "x-delayed-message", true, false, map);
}
该类型消息支持延迟投递机制, 消息传递后并不会立即投递到目标队列中
等消息过期时间到后在传递信息。相当于在交换机处进行了排序