虚拟语气
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wish 后,对现在情况的假设时,从句的谓语动词用过去式( be动词用were ),对过去情况的假设,从句谓语用 " had + 过去分词 ",对将来的情况假设时,从句谓语动词常用 “ would/could/might + 动词原形”。
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当if引导虚拟语气时,对现在情况的假设时,从句的谓语动词用过去式( be动词用were ),对过去情况的假设,主句的谓语动词应用 " should/would/could/might have + 过去分词 ",对将来情况的假设,从句谓语动词用 “过去式(were)” 或 “should/were to + 动词原形” 的形式. 当 if 引导的虚拟语气中含有were,had或should时,可以省略if.并将were,had或should放到句首,构成倒装。
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but、otherwise可引出含蓄虚拟条件,对现在情况的假设时,从句的谓语动词用过去式( be动词用were ),对过去情况的假设,谓语动词用 “would/could/should/might have + 过去分词”,对将来情况的假设,从句谓语动词用 “过去式(were)” 或 “should/were to + 动词原形” 的形式。
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当suggestion,advice,request,desire,command,proposal,insist,order,demand,ask等表示建议、要求、命令、愿望等含有的名词后接从句时,从句谓语动词应用 " should + 动词原形 ",should可以省略,(如果有被动语态,看词之间的逻辑关系)
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当 would rather,would sooner,would (just) as soon等后接从句时,对现在或将来情况假设,从句谓语动词应用过去式( be动词用were ),对过去情况的假设,从句谓语动词应用 " had + 过去分词 "。
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当as if,as though引导的方式状语从句时,对现在情况的假设时,从句的谓语动词用过去式( be动词用were )或者 "should/would/could/might + 动词原形 ",对过去情况的假设时,从句的谓语动词用 “had + 过去分词”,对将来的情况假设时,从句谓语动词常用 “ would/could/might + 动词原形”。
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**" It is (high/about) time (that) …"**句型中,从句谓语多用过去式,也可用 "should + 动词原形 ",should不可省略。
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**lest(以免,唯恐),for fear that(以防,唯恐)引导的目的状语从句中,**从句谓语用 " should + 动词原形"。
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If only引起的感叹句用虚拟语气,对现在还没实现的愿望时,从句的谓语动词用过去式( be动词用were )或者 "should/would/could/might + 动词原形 ",对过去还没实现的愿望时,主句的谓语动词应用 " should/would/could/might have + 过去分词 ",对将来还没实现的愿望时,从句谓语动词用 "would/could/might + 动词原形 " 的形式。
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**“It is a pity/a shame/no wonder/amazing/surprising/astonishing/shocking/strange… + that从句”**句型中,从句谓语用 " should + 动词原形"。
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**“It is important/essential/necessary/appropriate/urgent… + 主语从句”**句型中,从句谓语用 " should + 动词原形"。
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without可引出含蓄虚拟条件,对现在情况的假设时,从句的谓语动词用过去式( be动词用were ),对过去情况的假设,谓语动词用 “would/could/should/might have + 过去分词”,对将来情况的假设,从句谓语动词用 “过去式(were)” 或 “should/were to + 动词原形” 的形式。
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**“It is/was desired/suggested/demanded/requested/proposed/imperative… + that 从句”**句型时,从句谓语用 " should + 动词原形"。