视图
含义:视图就是一张虚拟表(和普通表一样使用),视图就是一个查询语句。
mysql5.1版本出现的新特性,是通过表动态生成的数据
:视图的好处
(1)重用SQL语句
(2)简化复杂的SQL操作,不必知道它的查询细节【技术好的做成视图,后端调用】
(3)保护数据,提高安全性
创建视图
语法
create view 视图名 as 查询语句;
视图的修改【2种方式二选1】
方式一:
Create or replace view 视图名 as 查询语句;
– 将原有的视图直接覆盖掉。
方式二:
alter view 视图名 as 查询语句;
– 修改指定视图中的内容
删除视图
drop view 视图名,视图名,...;
查看视图
DESC 视图表名; -- 查看视图结构
SHOW CREATE VIEW 视图表名; -- 查看视图的详细定义
视图的更新
具备以下特点的视图不允许更新
#①包含以下关键字的sql语句:分组函数、distinct、group by、having、union或者union all
例如:
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv1
AS
SELECT MAX(salary) m,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;
SELECT * FROM myv1;
#更新
UPDATE myv1 SET m=9000 WHERE department_id=10;
#②常量视图
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv2
AS
SELECT 'john' NAME;
SELECT * FROM myv2;
#更新
UPDATE myv2 SET NAME='lucy';
③Select中包含子查询
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv3
AS
SELECT department_id,(SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees) 最高工资
FROM departments;
#更新
SELECT * FROM myv3;
UPDATE myv3 SET 最高工资=100000;
#④join
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv4
AS
SELECT e.last_name, d.department_name FROM employees e
JOIN departments d ON e.department_id = d.department_id;
#更新
SELECT * FROM myv4;
UPDATE myv4 SET last_name = '张飞' WHERE last_name='Whalen';
INSERT INTO myv4 VALUES('陈真','xxxx');
#⑤from一个不能更新的视图
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv5
AS
SELECT * FROM myv3;
#更新
SELECT * FROM myv5;
UPDATE myv5 SET 最高工资=10000 WHERE department_id=60;
#⑥where子句的子查询引用了from子句中的表
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv6
AS
SELECT last_name,email,salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id IN(
SELECT manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id IS NOT NULL
);
#更新
SELECT * FROM myv6;
UPDATE myv6 SET salary=10000 WHERE last_name = 'k_ing';