关于Docker一些常用命令

Mikasa778

已于 2022-12-30 15:33:52 修改

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文章标签： docker 容器运维

于 2022-12-30 15:18:02 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_47816555/article/details/128496082

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Docker常用命令

帮助命令

docker vesion				 # 显示docker的版本

docker info					 # 显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器

docker 命令  -- help			# 万能命令

帮助文档的地址：Reference documentation | Docker Documentation

镜像命令

docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像

[root@iZbp14qrdskvwngznbl7y5Z /]# docker images                                                                                       
REPOSITORY   			 TAG     			  IMAGE ID      		CREATED        			 SIZE                                                                           
hello-world				latest   			 feb5d9fea6a5  		  15 months ago   			13.3kB  

# 解释

REPOSITORY	   		 # 镜像的仓库源

TAG					 # 镜像的标签

IMAGE ID 	     	 # 镜像的id

CREATED		         # 镜像的创建时间

SIZE			     # 镜像的大小


# 可选项

Options:                                                                                                                              
-a, --all           	# 列出所有镜像                                                                                                            
-q, --quiet         	# 只显示镜像id

docker search 搜索镜像

# 不设置任何过滤条件，直接展示所有检索到的镜像
[root@iZbp14qrdskvwngznbl7y5Z /]# docker search mysql
NAME                            DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                           MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   13622     [OK]       
mariadb                         MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   5202      [OK]       
phpmyadmin                      phpMyAdmin - A web interface for MySQL and M…   713       [OK]       
percona                         Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati…   597       [OK]       
bitnami/mysql                   Bitnami MySQL Docker Image                      80                   [OK]
databack/mysql-backup           Back up mysql databases to... anywhere!         77                   
linuxserver/mysql-workbench                                                     45                   
ubuntu/mysql                    MySQL open source fast, stable, multi-thread…   40                   
linuxserver/mysql               A Mysql container, brought to you by LinuxSe…   38                   
circleci/mysql                  MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   28                   
google/mysql                    MySQL server for Google Compute Engine          22                   [OK]
rapidfort/mysql                 RapidFort optimized, hardened image for MySQL   13                   
bitnami/mysqld-exporter                                                         4                    
ibmcom/mysql-s390x              Docker image for mysql-s390x                    2                    
vitess/mysqlctld                vitess/mysqlctld                                1                    [OK]
newrelic/mysql-plugin           New Relic Plugin for monitoring MySQL databa…   1                    [OK]
hashicorp/mysql-portworx-demo                                                   0                    
rapidfort/mysql-official        RapidFort optimized, hardened image for MySQ…   0                    
docksal/mysql                   MySQL service images for Docksal - https://d…   0                    
mirantis/mysql                                                                  0                    
rapidfort/mysql8-ib             RapidFort optimized, hardened image for MySQ…   0                    
cimg/mysql                                                                      0                    
eclipse/mysql                   Mysql 5.7, curl, rsync                          0                    [OK]
drud/mysql                                                                      0                    
silintl/mysql-backup-restore    Simple docker image to perform mysql backups…   0                    [OK]                 

# 可选项，通过搜索来过滤
--filter=STARS=3000		# 搜索出来的镜像STARS大于3000的 (注:这里是=，不是用>)
[root@iZbp14qrdskvwngznbl7y5Z /]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   13623     [OK]       
mariadb   MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   5202      [OK]  

--filter "is-official=true"  # 可以只搜索官方镜像
[root@iZbp14qrdskvwngznbl7y5Z /]# docker search mysql --filter "is-official=true"
NAME         DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql        MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   13623     [OK]       
mariadb      MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   5202      [OK]       
phpmyadmin   phpMyAdmin - A web interface for MySQL and M…   713       [OK]       
percona      Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati…   597       [OK]       

--limit=5		# 搜索出来前5条
[root@iZbp14qrdskvwngznbl7y5Z /]# docker search mysql --limit=5
NAME             DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql            MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   13623     [OK]       
mariadb          MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   5202      [OK]       
phpmyadmin       phpMyAdmin - A web interface for MySQL and M…   713       [OK]       
percona          Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati…   597       [OK]       
circleci/mysql   MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   28

docker pull 拉取镜像

# 拉取镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@iZbp14qrdskvwngznbl7y5Z /]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest	# 如果不写tag,默认就是latest(最新版本)
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Pull complete 	# 分层下载,	docker image的核心	联合文件系统
93619dbc5b36: Pull complete 
99da31dd6142: Pull complete 
626033c43d70: Pull complete 
37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete 
ac563158d721: Pull complete 
d2ba16033dad: Pull complete 
688ba7d5c01a: Pull complete 
00e060b6d11d: Pull complete 
1c04857f594f: Pull complete 
4d7cfa90e6ea: Pull complete 
e0431212d27d: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709		# 签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest		# 真实地址

# 等价于它
docker pull mysql
docker pull	docker.io/library/mysql:latest	

# 指定版本下载
[root@iZbp14qrdskvwngznbl7y5Z /]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Already exists 
93619dbc5b36: Already exists 
99da31dd6142: Already exists 
626033c43d70: Already exists 
37d5d7efb64e: Already exists 
ac563158d721: Already exists 
d2ba16033dad: Already exists 
0ceb82207cd7: Pull complete 
37f2405cae96: Pull complete 
e2482e017e53: Pull complete 
70deed891d42: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

docker rmi 删除镜像

[root@iZbp14qrdskvwngznbl7y5Z /]# docker rmi -f 容器id	# 删除指定容器
[root@iZbp14qrdskvwngznbl7y5Z /]# docker rmi -f 容器id 容器id 容器id	# 删除多个容器
[root@iZbp14qrdskvwngznbl7y5Z /]# docker rmi -f ${docker images -aq}	# 删除全部的容器

容器命令

说明：我们有了镜像才可以创建容器，linux，下载一个centos镜像来测试学习

docker pull centos

新建容器并启动

docker run [可选参数] image

# 参数说明
--name="Name"		容器名字 tomcat-1	tomcat-2,用来区分角色
-d					后台方式运行
-it					使用交互方式运行,进入容器查看内容
-p					指定容器的端口 -p	8080:8080
	-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
	-p	主机端口：容器端口	(常用)
	-p	容器端口
	容器端口
-p			随机端口


# 测试,启动并进入容器
[root@iZbp14qrdskvwngznbl7y5Z /]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash

[root@b6179b4ed826 /]# ls	# 查看容器内的centos
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

# 从容器中退回主机
[root@b6179b4ed826 /]# exit

列出所有在运行的容器

# docker ps 命令
-a		# 列出当前正在运行的容器+带出历史运行过的容器
-n=?	# 显示最近创建的内容
-q		# 只显示容器的编号

[root@iZbp14qrdskvwngznbl7y5Z /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                          PORTS     NAMES
b6179b4ed826   centos        "/bin/bash"   4 minutes ago   Exited (0) About a minute ago             gallant_vaughan
e21f09e19f49   hello-world   "/hello"      2 days ago      Exited (0) 2 days ago                     laughing_chandrasekhar

退出容器

exit			# 直接容器停止并推出
Ctrl + P + Q	# 容器不停止退出

删除容器

docker rm 容器id					 # 删除指定的容器，不能删除正在运行的容器，如果要强制删除 rm -f
docker rm -f ${docker ps -aq}	  # 删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm	  # 删除所有的容器

启动和停止容器的操作

docker start 容器id		# 启动容器
docker restart	容器id	# 重启容器
docker	stop 容器id		# 停止当前运行容器
docker	kill 容器id		# 强制停止当前容器

其它常用命令

后台启动容器

# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名
[root@iZbp14qrdskvwngznbl7y5Z /]# docker run -d centos

# 问题docker ps，发现centos 停止了

# 常见的坑，docker 容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止
# nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了

查看日志

docker logs -f -t --tail 容器，没有日志

# 自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@iZbp14qrdskvwngznbl7y5Z /]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo uuuuu;sleep 1;done"

[root@iZbp14qrdskvwngznbl7y5Z /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
ce2309ad15c5   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   5 seconds ago   Up 4 seconds             tender_engelbart

# 显示日志
-tf				# 显示日志
-tail number	# 要显示日志的条数

[root@iZbp14qrdskvwngznbl7y5Z /]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 ce2309ad15c5

查看容器中进程 ps


# 命令 docker top 容器id
[root@iZbp14qrdskvwngznbl7y5Z /]# docker top d82946bfd867
UID                 PID                 PPID                C         STIME         TTY         TIME                CMD
root                28509               28488               0         10:45          ?        00:00:00            /bin/bash

查看镜像的元数据
==**

# 命令 docker inspect 容器id
[root@iZbp14qrdskvwngznbl7y5Z /]# docker inspect 容器id d82946bfd867
[
    {
        "Id": "d82946bfd867787296417306e4fc887d87570330bfcceb6e90bc0ca7a50d9ade",
        "Created": "2022-12-30T02:45:05.356352663Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 28509,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2022-12-30T02:45:06.111590307Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d82946bfd867787296417306e4fc887d87570330bfcceb6e90bc0ca7a50d9ade/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d82946bfd867787296417306e4fc887d87570330bfcceb6e90bc0ca7a50d9ade/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d82946bfd867787296417306e4fc887d87570330bfcceb6e90bc0ca7a50d9ade/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d82946bfd867787296417306e4fc887d87570330bfcceb6e90bc0ca7a50d9ade/d82946bfd8677872964173
        "Name": "/agitated_volhard",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/15ee6c52af11ea552de3f9daa9cb394ebc4de35da70c20d5dab7408e975781ee-init/diff:/var/
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/15ee6c52af11ea552de3f9daa9cb394ebc4de35da70c20d5dab7408e975781ee/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/15ee6c52af11ea552de3f9daa9cb394ebc4de35da70c20d5dab7408e975781ee/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/15ee6c52af11ea552de3f9daa9cb394ebc4de35da70c20d5dab7408e975781ee/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "d82946bfd867",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "09447c6b5aa62c3456e73d2834fcb71bd32502887c3f7d47f6c1d3eb09cadfef",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/09447c6b5aa6",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "71ff495d7db58b96ee89facafb2253619409fa475d5aaac55974d3f1d4cfca37",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "fa09dee71ba7d2017ffe9101a750d1cc11408b279ba4dd95d8902acd113396a2",
                    "EndpointID": "71ff495d7db58b96ee89facafb2253619409fa475d5aaac55974d3f1d4cfca37",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入当前正在运行的容器

# 我们通常容器都是以后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置

# 命令
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell

# 测试
[root@iZbp14qrdskvwngznbl7y5Z /]# docker exec -it d82946bfd867 /bin/bash
[root@d82946bfd867 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@d82946bfd867 /]# ps -ef
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  0 02:45 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root        17     0  0 03:07 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root        33    17  0 05:34 pts/1    00:00:00 ps -ef

# 方式二
docker attach	容器id

# 测试
[root@iZbp14qrdskvwngznbl7y5Z /]# docker attach d82946bfd867

# docjer exec		# 进入容器后开启一个新的终端,可以在里面操作(常用)
# docker attach		# 进入容器正在运行的终端，不会启动新的进程！

从容器内拷贝到主机上

docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的主机路径

# 查看当前主机目录下
[root@iZbp14qrdskvwngznbl7y5Z home]# ls
admin  java  mikasa.java  myProject  redis  ruoyi  tlq  www
# 创建并进入容器内
[root@iZbp14qrdskvwngznbl7y5Z home]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@376b2742af70 /]# cd home

# 创建一个文件
[root@376b2742af70 home]# touch test.java
[root@376b2742af70 home]# ls
test.java
[root@376b2742af70 home]# exit
exit

# 将文件拷贝出来到主机上
[root@iZbp14qrdskvwngznbl7y5Z home]# docker cp 376b2742af70:/home/test.java /home
[root@iZbp14qrdskvwngznbl7y5Z home]# ls
admin  java  mikasa.java  myProject  redis  ruoyi  test.java  tlq  www

# 拷贝是一个手动过程,未来我们使用 -v 卷的技术,可以实现