Study-03-Docker命令

1.帮助命令

docker version #显示docker的版本信息
docker info #显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker  命令 --help #万能命令

官方帮助文档地址

2.镜像命令

docker image 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像

[root@liustudy /]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   6 months ago    13.3kB

#解释
REPOSITORY	    镜像的仓库源
TAG				镜像的标签
IMAGE ID		镜像的id
CREATED 		镜像的创建时间
SIZE			镜像的大小

#可选项

Options:		
  -a, --all             # 列出所有的镜像
  -q, --quiet           #只显示出镜像的id

docker search 镜像搜索

[root@liustudy /]# docker search mysql
NAME                             DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                            MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   12353     [OK]       
mariadb                          MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4756      [OK]    

#可选项，通过搜索来过滤
--filter=STARS=3000 #搜索出来的镜像就是stars大于3000的

[root@liustudy /]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   12353     [OK]       
mariadb   MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4756      [OK]       

docker pull 下载镜像

[root@liustudy /]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest #如果不写 tag ，默认就是latest（最新版本）
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Pull complete 	#分层下载，docker image的核心 联合文件系统
93619dbc5b36: Pull complete 
99da31dd6142: Pull complete 
626033c43d70: Pull complete 
37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete 
ac563158d721: Pull complete 
d2ba16033dad: Pull complete 
688ba7d5c01a: Pull complete 
00e060b6d11d: Pull complete 
1c04857f594f: Pull complete 
4d7cfa90e6ea: Pull complete 
e0431212d27d: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709	#签名验证
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest #真实地址


# 这两个是等价的
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest

#指定版本下载
这里的版本一定要在官网能找到，但官网只列出了一部分版本，更具体的版本可以根据需求尝试在xshell中输入命令下载。例如：
[root@liustudy /]# docker pull mysql:8.0.28
8.0.23: Pulling from library/mysql
bf5952930446: Already exists 
8254623a9871: Already exists 
938e3e06dac4: Already exists 
ea28ebf28884: Already exists 
f3cef38785c2: Already exists 
894f9792565a: Already exists 
1d8a57523420: Already exists 
5f09bf1d31c1: Pull complete 
1b6ff254abe7: Pull complete 
74310a0bf42d: Pull complete 
d398726627fd: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:da58f943b94721d46e87d5de208dc07302a8b13e638cd1d24285d222376d6d84
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:8.0.23
docker.io/library/mysql:8.0.23

docker rmi 删除镜像

docker rmi -f 镜像id #删除指定的镜像
docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id #删除多个镜像
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) #递归删除全部镜像

3.容器命令

说明：我们有了镜像才可创建容器，linux，下载一个centos镜像来测试学习

docker pull centos

新建容器并启动

docker run [可选参数] image

#参数说明
--name="Name"  容器名字 Tomcat01 Tomcat02 用来区分容器
-d 			   后台方式运行
-it 		   使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-P（大写）			   指定容器的端口 -P 8080:8080
		-P 主机端口：容器端口（常用）
		-P 容器端口 
		-P ip:主机端口:容器端口
		容器端口
-p（小写） 			   随机指定端口

#测试，启动并进入容器
[root@liustudy /]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@dbf20d3268b4 /]# 可以发现启动后主机名发生了变化，这里的主机名就是下载的centos的id

[root@dbf20d3268b4 /]# ls （查看容器内的centos，很多的命令都是不完善的）
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

#从容器中退回主机
[root@dbf20d3268b4 /]# exit 
exit
[root@liustudy /]# ls
bin  boot  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

列出所有的运行容器

#docker ps 命令

	#列出正在运行的容器
-a  #列出当前正在运行的容器
-n=?  #显示最近创建的容器
-q  #只显示容器的编号
[root@liustudy /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@liustudy /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                          PORTS     NAMES
dbf20d3268b4   centos        "/bin/bash"   4 minutes ago   Exited (0) About a minute ago             suspicious_cohen
790e2b39d16d   hello-world   "/hello"      25 hours ago    Exited (0) 25 hours ago                   goofy_bohr

退出容器

exit #直接容器停止并退出
Ctrl + P +Q #容器不停止退出

删除容器

docker rm 容器id		#删除指定的容器，不能删除正在运行的容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)	#删除指全部的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm #删除所有的容器

个人理解
镜像相当于类，容器相当于实例，一个镜像可以创建多个容器。
镜像就像手机里的软件安装包，而容器就是已经安装好软件。

启动和停止容器的操作

docker start 容器id		#启动容器
docker restart 容器id	#重启容器
docker stop 容器id		#停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id		#强制停止当前容器

4.常用的其他命令

后台启动容器

#命令docker run -d 镜像名
[root@liustudy ~]# docker run -d centos
重点：
#问题docker ps ,发现centos 停止了
#常见的坑： docker 容器后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止。
#nginx,容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了

查看日志

docker logs -f -t --tail 容器，没有日志

# 自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@liustudy ~] docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo liusir;sleep 1;done"
[root@liustudy ~] docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
a0d580a21251        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   3 seconds ago       Up 1 second                             lucid_black
# 显示日志
-tf                 # 显示日志
--tail number       # 显示日志条数
[root@liustudy ~] docker logs -tf --tail 10 a0d580a21251

查看容器中的进程信息

# 命令 docker top 容器id
[root@liustudy ~] docker top df358bc06b17
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY     
root                28498               28482               0                   19:38               ?      

#命令 docker inspect 容器id

[root@liustudy ~]# docker inspect 077740ea2692
[
    {
        "Id": "077740ea2692c9b3488eba0c76731e5b87dcee12cd203d28addfe3619f85c75a",
        "Created": "2022-04-05T13:35:18.766399969Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "exited",
            "Running": false,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 0,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2022-04-05T13:36:17.146585512Z",
            "FinishedAt": "2022-04-05T13:36:46.255189061Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/077740ea2692c9b3488eba0c76731e5b87dcee12cd203d28addfe3619f85c75a/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/077740ea2692c9b3488eba0c76731e5b87dcee12cd203d28addfe3619f85c75a/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/077740ea2692c9b3488eba0c76731e5b87dcee12cd203d28addfe3619f85c75a/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/077740ea2692c9b3488eba0c76731e5b87dcee12cd203d28addfe3619f85c75a/077740ea2692c9b3488eba0c76731e5b87dcee12cd203d28addfe3619f85c75a-json.log",
        "Name": "/sleepy_murdock",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4f7e7b5ae2a64aec251566a766796c5356d30e3337d2377f77ca8f794f789f7f-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2b4486963b88a10a7f3c5a4dc95f3b9f6435644fa9f6da1dfa941c720938ffb0/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4f7e7b5ae2a64aec251566a766796c5356d30e3337d2377f77ca8f794f789f7f/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4f7e7b5ae2a64aec251566a766796c5356d30e3337d2377f77ca8f794f789f7f/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4f7e7b5ae2a64aec251566a766796c5356d30e3337d2377f77ca8f794f789f7f/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "077740ea2692",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "f3927ee6b9d3bb7dab9f1ff419b4c8a479f3f331dada6019d06b4a1a11c05e36",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/f3927ee6b9d3",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "",
            "Gateway": "",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "",
            "IPPrefixLen": 0,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "f85498d264d5e377c2b8829adfebceb1371975d1c935c2b4e51166ddb271adb9",
                    "EndpointID": "",
                    "Gateway": "",
                    "IPAddress": "",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 0,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入当前正在运行的容器

#通常容器都是使用后台方式进行运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置

# 方式一：
# 命令
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell

# 测试
[root@liustudy ~] docker exec -it df358bc06b17 /bin/bash
[root@liustudy ~] ls       
bin  etc   lib    lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
[root@df358bc06b17 /]# ps -ef
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  0 Aug11 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root        29     0  0 01:06 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root        43    29  0 01:06 pts/1    00:00:00 ps -ef
 
# 方式二
docker attach 容器id
 
# docker exec       # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作
# docker attach     # 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程

从容器中拷贝文件到主机上

docker cp 容器id：容器内文件路径    目的地主机路径
 
[root@liustudy ~]# docker cp 7af535f807e0:/home/Test.java /home

5.常用命令总结（速记回顾）

#当前shel1 下attach连接指定运行镜像
attach  		Attach to a running container
#通过Dockerfile定制镜像
build			Bui1d an image from a Dockerfile 
#提交当前容器为新的镜像cp
commit 		 	Create a new image from a container changes
#从容器中拷贝指定文件或者目录到宿主机中
cp				Copy files/folders from the containers filesystem to the host path
#创建一个新的容器,同run，但不启动容器
create			Create a new container
#查看docker容器变化
diff			Inspect changes on aIcontainer 's filesystem
#从docker服务获取容器实时事件
events			Get real time events from the server
#在已存在的容器上运行命令
exec		    Run a command in an existing container
#导出容器的内容流作为一个 tar归档文件[对应import ]
export		    Stream the contents of a container as a tar archive
#展示一个镜像形成历史
history 		show the history of an image
#列出系统当前镜像
images			List images
#从tar包中的内容创建一个新的文件系统映像[对应export]
import 			Create a new filesystem image from the contents of a tarbal1 
#显示系统相关信息
info			Display system-wide information
#查看容器详细信息
inspect 		Return low-level information on a container
#ki11指定docker容器
kill			Kill a running container
#从一个tar包中加载一个镜像[对应save]
1oad			Load an image from a tar archive
#注册或者登陆一个docker 源服务器
login		    Register or Login to the docker registry server
#从当前 Docker registry 退出
logout		    Log out from a Docker registry server
#输出当前容器日志信息
logs			Fetch the logs of a container
#查看映射端口对应的容器内部源端
port 			Lookup the public-facing port which is NAT-ed to PRIVATE_PORT
#暂停容器
pause			Pause a11 processes within a container
#列出容器列表
ps				List containers
# 从docker镜像源服务器拉取指定镜像或者库镜像
pull 			Pul1 an image or a repository from the docker registry server 
#推送指定镜像或者库镜像至docker源服务器
push			Push an image or a repository to thel docker registry server 
#重启运行的容器
restart			Restart a running container
#移除—个或者多个容器
rm				Remove one or more containers
#移除一个或多个镜像[无容器使用该镜像才可删除，否则需删除相关容器才可继续或-f强制珊除]
rmi				Remove one or more images
#创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令
run				Run a command in a new container
#保存一个镜像为一个tar包[对应1oad]
save			save an image to a tar archive
# 在docker hub中搜索镜像
search			search for anjimage on the Docker Hub
#启动容器
start			Start a stopped containers
#停止容器
stop			stop a running containers
#给源中镜像打标签
tag				Tag an image into a repository
#查看容器中运行的进程信息
top				Lookup the running processes of a container
#取消暂停容器
unpause 		Unpause a paused container
#查看docker版本号
version 		Show the docker version information
#截取容器停止时的退出状态值
wait			Block until a container stops，then print its exit code

docker常用命令：

重启docker服务  sudo service docker restart

关闭docker服务  docker service docker stop

开启docker服务  docker service docker start

查看当前运行的容器：docker ps

查询存在的容器：docker ps -a

删除容器：docker rm  CONTAINERID 

强制删除容器：docker rm -f  CONTAINERID 

不能够删除一个正在运行的容器，会报错。需要先停止容器。

查看镜像：docker images

删除镜像：docker rmi  IMAGEID  

强制删除镜像：docker rmi -f  IMAGEID  

利用镜像创建容器：docker run --name centos -itd centos:latest 

注：-i表示让容器的标准输入打开，-t表示分配一个伪终端，-d表示后台启动，要把-i -t -d 放到镜像名字前面,--name指定容器名。