XDU OOP上机

第一次上机

一、求两个或三个正整数中的最大数，用带有默认参数的函数实现

​ find_max函数中带有默认参数c，实现了可以比较两个或者三个正整数的大小。

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int find_max(int a, int b, int c = 0) {
	int max;
	max = a > b ? a : b;
	max = max > c ? max : c;
	return max;
}

int main() {
	int a, b, c;
	cin >> a >> b;
	cout << find_max(a, b) << endl; //比较两数大小
	cin >> a >> b >> c;
	cout << find_max(a, b, c) << endl; //比较三数大小
	return 0;
}

二、输入三个整数将它们从小到大输出要求使用变量的引用

​ int &aa = a;等语句使用了变量的引用。

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void sort(int &a, int &b, int &c) {
	int step;
	if (a > b) {
		step = a;
		a = b;
		b = step;
	}
	if (a > c) {
		step = a;
		a = c;
		c = step;
	}
	if (b > c) {
		step = b;
		b = c;
		c = step;
	}
}

int main() {
	int a, b, c;
	cin >> a >> b >> c;
	int &aa = a;
	int &bb = b;
	int &cc = c;
	sort(aa, bb, cc);
	cout << a << " " << b << " " << c;
}

三、编写一个程序，用同一函数名对几个数据进行从小到大排序数据类型可以是整型、浮点型，用重载函数实现

​ 两个同名的函数sort，一个排序整型，一个排序浮点型，通过函数重载实现。

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void sort(int *a, int *b, int *c) {
	int step;
	if (*a > *b) {
		step = *a;
		*a = * b;
		*b = step;
	}
	if (*a > *c) {
		step = *a;
		*a = *c;
		*c = step;
	}
	if (*b > *c) {
		step = *b;
		*b = *c;
		*c = step;
	}
}

void sort(float *a, float *b, float *c) {
	float step;
	if (*a > *b) {
		step = *a;
		*a = * b;
		*b = step;
	}
	if (*a > *c) {
		step = *a;
		*a = *c;
		*c = step;
	}
	if (*b > *c) {
		step = *b;
		*b = *c;
		*c = step;
	}
}

int main() {
	int x1, y1, z1;
	float x2, y2, z2;
	cin >> x1 >> y1 >> z1;
	sort(&x1, &y1, &z1);
	cout << x1 << " " << y1 << " " << z1 << endl;
	cin >> x2 >> y2 >> z2;
	sort(&x2, &y2, &z2);
	cout << x2 << " " << y2 << " " << z2 << endl;
}

四、对第三题改用函数模板实现，并与第三题对比分析

​ template给函数模板提供了参数类型，使得函数可以处理多种类型的数据。

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template<class T>

void sort(T &a, T &b, T &c) {
	T step;
	if (a > b) {
		step = a;
		a = b;
		b = step;
	}
	if (a > c) {
		step = a;
		a = c;
		c = step;
	}
	if (b > c) {
		step = b;
		b = c;
		c = step;
	}
}

int main() {
	int x1, y1, z1;
	int &xx1 = x1, &yy1 = y1, &zz1 = z1;
	float x2, y2, z2;
	float &xx2 = x2, &yy2 = y2, &zz2 = z2;
	cin >> x1 >> y1 >> z1;
	sort(xx1, yy1, zz1);
	cout << x1 << " " << y1 << " " << z1 << endl;
	cin >> x2 >> y2 >> z2;
	sort(xx2, yy2, zz2);
	cout << x2 << " " << y2 << " " << z2 << endl;
}

​ 运行结果同上

五、设计一个日期Date类，它能实现年月日的输入和输出，要求分别将成员函数放在类体内和类体外

​ set-date函数在类体内，show_date函数在类体外实现

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Date {
    private:
		int year;
		int month;
		int day;
	public:
		void set_date(int year, int month, int day) {
			this->year = year;
			this->month = month;
			this->day = day;
		}
		void show_date();
};

void Date::show_date() {
	cout << year << "年" << month << "月" << day << "日" << endl;
}

int main() {
	Date d;
	int a, b, c;
	cin >> a >> b >> c;
	d.set_date(a, b, c);
	d.show_date();
}

六、声明一个circle类，有数据成员半径Radius成员函数GetArea()计算面积，构造一个circle对象进行测试

#include <iostream>
#define pi 3.1415926
using namespace std;

class circle {
		double Radius;
	public:
		void GetRadius(double Radius) {
			this->Radius = Radius;
		}
		double GetArea() {
			return pi * Radius * Radius;
		}
};

int main() {
	double r;
	cin >> r;
	circle c;
	c.GetRadius(r);
	cout << c.GetArea() << endl;
}

七、编写一个基于对象的编程，求出三个长方柱的体积。

数据成员包括长length，宽width，高height
1.由键盘输入三个长方柱的长宽高
2.计算体积
3.输出三个长方柱的体积

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class cuboid {
	private:
		int length, width, height;
	public:
		void get_data(int length, int width, int height) {
			this->length = length;
			this->width = width;
			this->height = height;
		}
		int get_volume() {
			return length * width * height;
		}
};

int main() {
	cuboid a, b, c;
	int l1, w1, h1;
	int l2, w2, h2;
	int l3, w3, h3;
	cin >> l1 >> w1 >> h1;
	cin >> l2 >> w2 >> h2;
	cin >> l3 >> w3 >> h3;
	a.get_data(l1, w1, h1);
	b.get_data(l2, w2, h2);
	c.get_data(l3, w3, h3);
	cout << "长方体a的体积为" << a.get_volume() << endl;
	cout << "长方体b的体积为" << b.get_volume() << endl;
	cout << "长方体c的体积为" << c.get_volume() << endl;
}

---

第二次上机

一、编写一个People类

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class People {
	private:
		int age, height, weight;
		static int num;
	public:
    	//构造函数
		People(int a, int h, int w) {
			age = a;
			height = h;
			weight = w;
			num++;
		}
		void Eating() {
			weight++;
		}
		void Sporting() {
			height++;
		}
		void Sleeping() {
			age++;
			weight++;
			height++;
		}
		void Show() {
			cout << "年龄：" << age << "岁" << endl;
			cout << "身高：" << height << "斤" << endl;
			cout << "体重：" << weight << "厘米" << endl;
		}
		static void ShowNum() {
			cout << "人数：" << num << endl;
		}
};
int People::num = 0;//静态成员初始化要放在类外申请空间

主函数：构造people类xiaoming和xiaohong，调用成员函数

int main() {
	People xiaoming = People(12, 150, 95);
	xiaoming.Eating();
	xiaoming.Sporting();
	xiaoming.Sleeping();
	cout << "xiaoming:" << endl;
	xiaoming.Show();
	People xiaohong = People(10, 140, 80);
	cout << "xiaohong:" << endl;
	xiaohong.Show();
	xiaoming.ShowNum();
}

二、构造学生类

#include <iostream>
#include <cString>
using namespace std;
class Student {
	private:
		char name[18];
		int num, mathScore, englishScore;
		static int count, mathTotleScore, englishTotleScore;
	public:
    	//构造函数
		Student(char nm[], int nu, int math, int english ) {
			strcpy(name, nm);
			num = nu;
			mathScore = math;
			englishScore = english;
			count++;
			mathTotleScore += math;
			englishTotleScore += english;
		}
		void showBace() {
			cout << name << endl;
			cout << "学号：" << num << endl;
			cout << "数学成绩" << mathScore << endl;
			cout << "英语成绩" << englishScore << endl;
		}
		static void showStatic() {
			cout << "总人数" << count << endl;
			cout << "数学总成绩" << mathTotleScore << endl;
			cout << "英语总成绩" << englishTotleScore << endl;
		}
};
//初始化静态成员
int Student::count = 0;
int Student::mathTotleScore = 0;
int Student::englishTotleScore = 0;

主函数构造成员xiaoming、xiaohong、xiaogang：并调用成员函数

int main() {
	Student xiaoming = Student("小明", 190301, 85, 90);
	Student xiaohong  = Student("小红", 190302, 90, 80);
	Student  xiaogang = Student("小刚", 190303, 100, 60);
	xiaoming.showBace();
	xiaohong.showBace();
	xiaogang.showBace();
	xiaoming.showStatic();
}

三、构造Dog类，并使用函数指针和字符指针

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Dog {
	private:
		char *name, *sex;
		int age, weight;
	public:
		Dog(char *nm, char *s, int a, int w) {
			name = nm;
			sex = s;
			age = a;
			weight = w;
		}
		void show() {
			cout << name << endl;
			cout << "性别：" << sex << endl;
			cout << "年龄：" << age << "岁" << endl;
			cout << "体重：" << weight << "斤" << endl;
		}
};

主函数：

int main() {
	char *name = "养乐多";
	char *sex = "公";
    //类指针构造函数调用
	Dog *yangleduo = new Dog(name, sex, 3, 5);
	yangleduo->show();
}

四、管理个人活期账户

account类设计：

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class account {
	private:
		string name;
		int id, password;
		double balance, rate;
	public:
		account(string nm, int i, int pw) {
			name = nm;
			id = i;
			password = pw;
			balance = 0;
			rate = 0.03;
		}
		void push() {
			cout << "存入："<<endl; 
			double a; 
			cin>>a;
			cout << "存入账户" << a << "元" << endl;
			balance += a;
			cout << "余额" << balance << "元" << endl;
		}
		void pop() {
			cout << "取出："<<endl; 
			double a;
			cin>>a;
			if (a > balance) {
				cout << "取出" << a << "元失败" << endl;
				cout << "余额不足" << endl;
			} else {
				cout << "取出" << a << "元成功" << endl;
				balance -= a;
			}
			cout << "余额" << balance << "元" << endl;
		}
		double interest() {
			return balance * rate;
		}
		void show() {
			cout << "账户名" << name << endl;
			cout << "账号" << id << endl;
			cout << "余额" << balance << "元" << endl;
			cout << "年利息" << interest() << "元" << endl;
		}
};

主函数设计：初始化账户小明

int main() {
	account xiaoming = account("小明", 190301, 123456);
	cout<<"0:打印账户信息"<<endl; 
	cout<<"1:存入账户"<<endl; 
	cout<<"2:取出"<<endl; 
	cout<<"其他：退出系统"<<endl; 
	while(1){
		int a;
		cin>>a;
		if(a==0)xiaoming.show();
		else if(a==1)xiaoming.push();
		else if(a==2)xiaoming.pop();
		else{
			cout<<"退出"<<endl;
			break;	
		}
    }
}

---

第三次上机

1.建立一个对象数组，内放5个学生的数据（学号、成绩）

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class student {
	public:
		int id;
		int grades;
		void set(int mi, int mg) {
			id = mi;
			grades = mg;
		}
		void show() {
			cout << "学号:" << id << "成绩:" << grades << endl;
		}
};
//（2）设立函数max，使用对象指针做参数，在max函数中找到5个学生中的成绩最高者
int max(student *s, int n) {
	int a = 0, b;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		if (s->grades > a) {
			a = s->grades;
			b = s->id;
		}
		s++;
	}
	return b;
}

int main() {
	student s[5];
	student *p = s;
	cout << "依次输入学号成绩" << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
		int a, b;
		cin >> a >> b;
		s[i].set(a, b);
	}
    //（1）用指针指向数组首元素，输出第一三五个学生的学号、成绩
	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
		p->show();
		p++;
		p++;
	}
	p = s;
	cout << "成绩最高学生学号是：" << max(p, 5);
}

2.定义一个类Complex，重载运算符 + - * /，重载函数作为类成员函数

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Complex {
	private:
		int rea;//实部
		int vir;//虚部
	public:
		Complex() {
		}
		void set(int r, int v) {
			rea = r;
			vir = v;
		}
    	//以复数格式输出
		void show() {
			if (rea != 0 && vir != 0)
				cout << rea << "+" << vir << "i" << endl;
			else if (rea != 0)
				cout << rea << endl;
			else if (vir != 0)
				cout << vir << "i" << endl;
			else
				cout << 0 << endl;
		}
    	//分别定义四个重载函数
		Complex operator+(const Complex &c)const {
			Complex temp;
			temp.rea = c.rea + rea;
			temp.vir = c.vir + vir;
			return temp;
		}
		Complex operator-(const Complex &c)const {
			Complex temp;
			temp.rea = c.rea - rea;
			temp.vir = c.vir - vir;
			return temp;
		}
		Complex operator*(const Complex &c)const {
			Complex temp;
			temp.rea = c.rea * rea + c.vir * vir;
			temp.vir = c.vir * rea + c.rea * vir;
			return temp;
		}
		Complex operator/(const Complex &c)const {
			Complex temp;
			int a = -c.vir;
			temp.rea = c.rea * rea + a * vir;
			temp.vir = a * rea + c.rea * vir;
			return temp;
		}
};

int main() {
	Complex a, b, c;
	a.set(2, 2);
	b.set(2, -2);
	cout << "和为";
	(a + b).show();
	cout << "差为";
	(a - b).show();
	cout << "积为";
	(a * b).show();
	cout << "商为";
	(a / b).show();
}

3.对于两行三列矩阵，重载流运算符使之能用于矩阵输入和输出

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
//定义matrix类，类内包含两行三列数组
//流重载函数作为该类的友元函数
class matrix {
	public:
		int a[2][3];
		friend istream &operator>>(istream &, matrix &);
		friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &, const matrix &);
};
//重载流插入运算符
istream &operator>>(istream &in, matrix &m) {
	for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
		for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
			in >> m.a[i][j];
	return in;
}
//重载流输出运算符
ostream &operator<<(ostream &out, const matrix &m) {
	for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
		for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
			out << m.a[i][j] << " ";
		out << endl;
	}
	return out;
}

int main() {
	matrix m;
	cout<<"输入："<<endl; 
	cin >> m;
	cout<<"输出："<<endl; 
	cout << m;
}

4.定义time类和date类，time类为date类的友元类，time类的display函数可以访问date类的私有数据

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class date {
	private:
		int year;
		int mon;
		int day;
	public:
    	//time类定义为date类的友元类
		friend class time;
		date(int a, int b, int c) {
			year = a;
			mon = b;
			day = c;
		}
};

class time {
	private:
		int hour;
		int min;
		int sec;
	public:
		time(int a, int b, int c) {
			hour = a;
			min = b;
			sec = c;
		}
    	//time类中访问date类的私有函数
		void display(const date &d) {
			cout << d.year << "年";
			cout << d.mon << "月";
			cout << d.day << "日";
			cout << hour << "时";
			cout << min << "分";
			cout << sec << "秒";
		}
};

int main() {
    //time类和date类的构造使用时间为代码编写时间
	date d = date(2021, 11, 3);
	time t = time(19, 19, 00);
	t.display(d);
}

---

第四次上机

1.编写一个学生和教师数据输入和显示程序。学生数据有编号、姓名、班号和成绩，教师数据有编号、姓名、职称和部门。要求将编号、姓名输入和显示设计成一个类Person，并作为学生类Student和教师类Teacher的基类。

代码：

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
//基类设计：
class Person{
	protected:
		string name;
		string id;
	public:
		void getiofo(){
			cin>>name>>id;
		}	
		void print(){
		cout<<"姓名:"<<name<<" 学号:"<<id;
		}
}; 
//设计派生类并覆写函数：
class Teacher:public Person{
	private:
		string position,department;
	public:
		void getinfo(){
			Person::getiofo();
			cin>>position>>department;
		}
		void print(){
			Person::print();
			cout<<" 职务："<<position<<" 部门："<<department<<endl;
		}
};
class Student:public Person{
	private:
		string clas;
		int grades;
	public:
		void getinfo(){
			Person::getiofo();
			cin>>clas>>grades;
		}
		void print(){
			Person::print();
			cout<<" 班级："<<clas<<" 成绩："<<grades<<endl;
		}
};
int main(){
	Student xiaoming;
	Teacher xiaowang; 
	cout<<"输入学生小明的基本信息："<<endl;
	xiaoming.getinfo();
	cout<<"输入老师小王的基本信息："<<endl;
	xiaowang.getinfo();
	cout<<"输出学生小明的基本信息："<<endl;
	xiaoming.print();
	cout<<"输出老师小王的基本信息："<<endl;
	xiaowang.print();
}

2.分别定义Teacher（教师）类和Cadre（干部）类，采用多继承方式由这两个类派生出新类Teacher_Cadre（教师兼干部）。要求：

（1）在两个基类中都包含姓名、年龄、性别、地址、电话等数据成员。
（2）在Teacher类中还包含数据成员titile（职称），在Cadre类中还包含数据成员post（职务），在Teacher_Cadre类中还包含数据成员wages（工资）。
（3）对两个基类中的姓名、年龄、性别、地址、电话等数据成员用相同的名字，在引用这些数据成员时，指定作用域。
（4）在类体中声明成员函数，在类外定义成员函数。
（5）在派生类Teacher_Cadre的成员函数show中调用Teacher类中的display函数，输出姓名、年龄、性别、职称、地址、电话，然后再用cout语句输出职务与工资。

代码：

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
//Teacher类定义
class Teacher{
	protected:
		string name,age,sex,address,phone,title;
	public:
		void display();
		Teacher(string nm,string ag,string s,string add,string ph,string tit);	
};
//类外实现构造函数和display函数
Teacher::Teacher(string nm,string ag,string s,string add,string ph,string tit){
	name=nm;age=ag;sex=s;address=add;phone=ph;title=tit;
}
void Teacher::display(){
	cout<<"姓名："<<name<<endl;
	cout<<"年龄："<<age<<endl;
	cout<<"性别："<<sex<<endl;
	cout<<"地址："<<address<<endl;
	cout<<"电话："<<phone<<endl;
	cout<<"职称："<<title<<endl;
}
//Cadre类定义：
class Cadre{
	protected:
		string name,age,sex,address,phone,post;
	public:
		void display();
		Cadre(string nm,string ag,string s,string add,string ph,string tit);
};
//类外实现函数：
Cadre::Cadre(string nm,string ag,string s,string add,string ph,string po){
	name=nm;age=ag;sex=s;address=add;phone=ph;post=po;
}
void Cadre::display(){
	cout<<"姓名："<<name<<endl;
	cout<<"年龄："<<age<<endl;
	cout<<"性别："<<sex<<endl;
	cout<<"地址："<<address<<endl;
	cout<<"电话："<<phone<<endl;
	cout<<"职位："<<post<<endl;
}
class Teacher_Cadre:public Teacher,Cadre{
	private:
		string wages;
	public:
		void display();
		Teacher_Cadre(string nm,string ag,string s,string add,string ph,
		string tit,string po,string wag);
};
//实现派生类的构造函数：
Teacher_Cadre::Teacher_Cadre(string nm,string ag,string s,string add,
string ph,string tit,string po,string wag):
Teacher(nm,ag,s,add,ph,tit),Cadre(nm,ag,s,add,ph,po){
	wages=wag;
}
//实现派生类的display函数：
void Teacher_Cadre::display(){
	Teacher::display();
	cout<<"职位:"<<post<<endl; 
	cout<<"工资："<<wages<<endl;
} 
//测试主函数
int main(){
	Teacher_Cadre xiaowang=
	Teacher_Cadre("小王","50岁","男","西沣路226号","12345","教授","副校长","15000/月"); 
	xiaowang.display();
}

3.写一个程序，定义抽象基类Shape，由它派生出5个派生类：Circle，Square，Rectangle，Trapezoid，Triangle。用虚函数分别计算几种图形面积，并求它们的和。要求使用基类指针数组，使它的每一个元素指向一个派生类对象

代码：

#include<iostream>
#define pi 3.1415926//圆周率
using namespace std;
//定义基类
class Shape{
	protected:
		double area;
	public:
		double getarea(){
			return area;
		}
		Shape(double a){
			area=a;
		}
};
//定义五个派生类：
class Circle:public Shape{
	private:
		double redius;
	public:
		Circle(double r):Shape(pi*r*r){
			redius=r;
		}
};
class Square:public Shape{
	private:
		double length;
	public:
		Square(double a):Shape(a*a){
			length=a;
		}
};
class Rectangle:public Shape{
	private:
		double length,weigth;
	public:
		Rectangle(double a,double b):Shape(a*b){
			length=a;
			weigth=b;
		}
};
class Trapezoid:public Shape{
	private:
		double height,high,low;
	public:
		Trapezoid(double a,double b,double h):Shape((a+b)*h/2){
			height=h;
			high=a;
			low=b;
		}
};
class Triangle:public Shape{
	private:
		double low,height;
	public:
		Triangle(double a,double h):Shape(a*h/2){
			low=a;
			height=h;
		}
};
int main(){
    //构造五类对象
	Circle c=Circle(1);
	Square s=Square(1);
	Rectangle r=Rectangle(2,1);
	Trapezoid t=Trapezoid(2,1,1);
	Triangle tt=Triangle(1,1);
    //定义基类数组并初始化
	Shape *p[5]={&c,&s,&r,&t,&tt};
	double sum;
    //输出每个面积并计算总面积
	for(int i=0;i<5;i++){
		cout<<"面积"<<i+1<<": "<<p[i]->getarea()<<endl;
		sum+=p[i]->getarea();
	}
	cout<<"总面积"<<sum;
}