MYSQL基础

Mariadb安装与配置

Mariadb安装

• Mariadb和MySQL操作语法是通用的，但是现在MySQL是收费的，Mariadb免费的。所以这里我们安装Mariadb
• Mariadb安装的方式有三种：
  • 源代码：编译安装
  • 二进制格式的程序包：展开至特定路径，并经过简单配置后即可使用
  • 程序包管理器管理的程序包

//在Redhat 8中本地源中已经存在mariadb安装包，所以可以直接使用yum命令安装
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb mariadb-common mariadb-devel mariadb-server

• 在Redhat 7 中要安装MySQL

#配置mysql的yum源
wget -O /usr/src/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
rpm -Uvh /usr/src/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

#安装mysql5.7
yum -y install mysql-community-server mysql-community-client mysql-community-common mysql-community-devel

Mariadb配置

//启动数据库
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now mariadb

//确保3306端口已经处于监听状态
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl|grep 3306
LISTEN   0         80                        *:3306                   *:*  

//登录mariadb数据库
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 8
Server version: 10.3.17-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> 

//修改Mariadb登录密码
MariaDB [(none)]> set password = password('redhat123!');

//重新使用密码登，以下两种方法都可以登录
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'redhat123!'
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p 
Enter password: 

//修改mysql登录密码
MariaDB [(none)]> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
MariaDB [mysql]> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'redhat23';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec)
//用新密码登陆测试
[root@localhost etc]# mysql -uroot -predhat23
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 11
Server version: 10.3.28-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> 

MySQL 客户端工具使用

MySQL程序组成

• 客户端
  • mysql：CLI交互式客户端程序
  • mysql_secure_installation：安全初始化，强烈建议安装完以后执行此命令
  • mysqldump：mysql备份工具
  • mysqladmin
• 服务器端
  • mysqld

MySQL监听地址

socket类型	说明
ip socket	默认监听在tcp的3306端口，支持远程通信
unix sock	监听在sock文件上（/tmp/mysql.sock，/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock） 仅支持本地通信 server地址只能是：localhost，127.0.0.1

客户端工具使用

//语法：mysql [OPTIONS] [database]
//常用的OPTIONS：
    -uUSERNAME      //指定用户名，默认为root
    -hHOST          //指定服务器主机，默认为localhost，推荐使用ip地址
    -pPASSWORD      //指定用户的密码
    -P#             //指定数据库监听的端口，这里的#需用实际的端口号代替，如-P3307
    -V              //查看当前使用的mysql版本
    -e              //不登录mysql执行sql语句后退出，常用于脚本


[root@localhost ~]# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.23, for Linux (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper


[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -predhat123! -h127.0.0.1
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.23 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> 


//注意，不推荐直接在命令行里直接用-pPASSWORD的方式登录，而是使用-p选项，然后交互式输入密码
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p -h127.0.0.1
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.23 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>


//不进入数据库执行sql语句
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p -h 127.0.0.1 -e 'SHOW DATABASES;'
Enter password:
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+