JavaWeb

JavaWeb

1. 基本概念

web开发:

  • web,网页的意思,www.baidu.com
  • 静态web
    • HTML,CSS
    • 提供给所有人看的数据始终不会发生改变
  • 动态web
    • 提供给所有人看的数据始终会发发生变化,每个人在不同的时间,不同的地点看到的信息各不相同
    • 技术栈:Servlet/JSP,ASP,PHP

在java中,动态web资源开发的技术称为javaweb

1.1 前言

1.2web应用程序

web应用程序:可以提供浏览器访问的程序;

  • a.html,b.html…多个web资源,这些web资源可以被外界访问,对外界提供服务
  • 能访问到的任何一个页面或者资源,都存在于某一台计算机上
  • URL
  • 这个统一的web资源会被放在同一个文件夹下,web应用程序->Tomcat:服务器
  • 一个web应用由多部份组成(静态web,动态web)
    • html,css,js
    • jsp,servlet
    • java程序
    • jar包
    • 配置文件(properties)

web应用程序编写完毕后,若想提供给外界访问,需要一个服务器来统一管理

1.3静态web

  • *.htm,.html这些都是网页的后缀,如果服务器上一直存在这些东西,我们就可以直接进行读取

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静态web存在的缺点

  • web页面无法动态更新,所有用户看到的都是同一个页面
    • 轮播图,点击特效:伪动态
    • JavaScript[实际开发使用]
    • VBscript
  • 无法和数据库交互(数据无法持久化,用户无法交互)

1.4 动态web

页面会动态展示:web的页面展示的效果因人而异

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缺点:

  • 假如服务器的动态web资源出现了错误,我们需要重新编写我们的后台程序重新发布
    • 停机维护

优点:

  • web页面可以动态更新,所有用户都看到的都不是同一个界面
  • 它可以与数据库交互(数据持久化:注册,商品信息,用户信息)

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2.web服务器

2.1技术讲解

ASP

  • 微软:国内最早流行的就是ASP
  • 在HTML中嵌入了VB的脚本,ASP+COM
  • 在ASP开发中,基本一个页面都有几千行大二业务代码,页面极其紊乱
  • 维护成本高
  • c#
  • IIS

PHP

  • PHP开发速度很快,功能很强大,跨平台,代码简单
  • 无法承载大访问量的情况(局限性)

JSP/Servlet

B/S:浏览器和服务器

C/S:客户端和服务器

  • sun公司主推的B/S
  • 基于java语言(所有的大公司,或者一些开源的组件,都是java写的)
  • 可以承载三高问题带来的影响
  • 语法像ASP

2.2 web服务器

服务器是一种被动的操作,用来处理用户的一些请求和给用户一些响应信息

IIS

微软,ASP,Windows中自带的

3.Tomcat

3.1安装Tomcat

Tomcat官网https://tomcat.apache.org/

3.2Tomcat启动和配置

文件夹作用

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3.3配置

服务器核心配置文件

conf/server.xml

可以配置启动的端口号,主机的名称,默认8080端口,默认的主机名为localhost->127.0.0.1,默认网站应用存放的位置为:webapps

网站是如何进行访问的:

  1. 输入一个域名,回车

  2. 检查本机hosts配置文件有没有这个域名的映射

    1. 有:直接放回对应的ip地址

    127.0.0.1 localhost

    1. 没有,去DNS服务器,找到则返回

3.4发布一个web网站

  • 将自己写的网站,放到服务器(Tomcat)中指定的web应用的文件夹下(webapps)下,就可以

网站应该有的结构

--webapps:Tomcat服务器web目录
    -ROOT
    -dong
    	-WEB-INF
    	-classes:java程序
    	-lib:web应用所依赖的jar包
    		-web.XML
    	-index.html   默认的首页
    	-static
    		-css
    			-style.css
    		-js	
    		-img

4.Http

4.1什么是http

超文本传输协议

简单的请求响应协议,通常运行在TCP

  • 文本:html,字符串
  • 超文本:图片,音乐,视频,定位,地图
  • 80端口

https:443

4.2两个时代

  • http1.0
    • HTTP/1.0,客户端可以与web服务器连接,只能获得一个web资源,断开连接
  • http2.0
    • HTTP/1.1,客户端可以与web服务器连接,可以获得多个web资源

4.3Http请求

  • 客户端-发请求-服务器

百度:

request URL:请求地址
请求方法: GET   get、post方法
状态代码: 200    状态码
远程(remote)地址: 23.40.240.75:443
accept: text/plain, 
accept-encoding: gzip, deflate, br
accept-language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8,en-GB;q=0.7,en-US;q=0.6  语言
cache-control: no-cache
origin: https://www.baidu.com
pragma: no-cache
referer: https://www.baidu.com/?tn=92768678_hao_pg
sec-ch-ua: " Not;A Brand";v="99", "Microsoft Edge";v="91", "Chromium";v="91"
sec-ch-ua-mobile: ?0
sec-fetch-dest: empty
sec-fetch-mode: cors
sec-fetch-site: cross-site
user-agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/91.0.4472.114 Safari/537.36 Edg/91.0.864.54
1.请求行
  • 请求行中的请求方式:GET
  • 请求方式:**GET,POST,**HEAD,DELETE,PUT,TRACT
    • get:请求能够携带的参数比较小,大小有限制,会在浏览器的URL地址栏显示数据内容,不安全,但高效
    • 请求能够携带的参数没有限制,大小没有限制,不会在浏览器的URL地址栏显示数据内容,安全,但不高效
2.消息头
accept:告诉浏览器它所支持的数据类型
accept-encoding:支持那种编码格式 GBK UTF-8 GB2312 IOS8859-1
accept-language:告诉浏览器它的语言环境
cache-control: 缓存控制
Connection:告诉浏览器,请求完成是断开还是保持连接
HOST:主机

4.4Http响应

  • 服务器-响应-客户端
Cache-Control:private  缓存控制
Connection:连接
Connection-Encoding:gzip 编码
Content-Type:text/html	类型
1.响应体
accept:告诉浏览器它所支持的数据类型
accept-encoding:支持那种编码格式 GBK UTF-8 GB2312 IOS8859-1
accept-language:告诉浏览器它的语言环境
cache-control: 缓存控制
Connection:告诉浏览器,请求完成是断开还是保持连接
HOST:主机
refrush:告诉客户端,多久刷新一次
location:让网页重新定位
2.响应状态码

200:请求响应成功 200

3xx:请求重定向

  • 重定向:重新到新的位置去

4xx:找不到资源 404

  • 资源不存在

5xx:服务器代码错误 500 502:网关错误

当浏览器地址栏输入地址并回车的一瞬间到页面能够展示回来,经历了什么

5.Maven

  1. 在javaweb开发中,需要使用大量的jar包,需要手动导入
  2. 让东西自动导入和配置这个jar包

5.1Maven项目架构管理工具

Maven核心思想:约定大于配置

  • 有约束,不要去违反

Maven会规定好你该如何去编写我们的java代码,必须要按照这个规范来

5.2下载安装

5.3环境配置

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5.4阿里云镜像

修改Maven的settings.xml文件,在mirrors标签内添加:

<mirror>
  	    <id>nexus-aliyun</id>
  		<mirrorOf>*</mirrorOf>
  		<name>Nexus aliyun</name>
                        <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public</url>
</mirror>

5.5本地仓库

建立一个本地仓库

  <localRepository>F:\environment\Maven\apache-maven-3.8.1\maven-repo</localRepository>

5.6在IDEA中使用Maven

  1. 启动IDEA
  2. 创建一个Maven项目

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  1. IDEA中Maven设置

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IDEA中配置Maven

:注意:经常在IDEA中会出现一个问题就是项目自动创建完成后,它这个MavenHome会使用IDEA默认,我们如果发现这个问题,手动改为本地的

到这里,Mven在IDEA中的配置和使用就OK了

一个干净的Maven

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main.java:放置java源代码的

main.resources:放置一些配置文件的

test.java:测试使用

一个干净的Maven

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这个只有在Web应用下才会用

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web.xml:web的配置

index.jsp:网页

标记文件夹功能

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项目结构配置:

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5.7在IDEA中配置Tomcat

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为什么会有这个问题:我们访问一个网站,需要指定一个文件夹名字(必须配置)

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5.8 pom文件

pom.xml是Maven的核心文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--Maven版本和头文件-->
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<!--  这里就是我们刚才配置的GAV-->
  <groupId>com.dong</groupId>
  <artifactId>javaweb-01-maven</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
<!--  Package:项目的打包方式
jar:java应用
war:javaweb应用-->


<!--配置-->
  <properties>
<!--    项目的默认构建编码-->
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<!--    编码版本-->
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>
<!--项目依赖-->
  <dependencies>
<!--    具体依赖的jar包配置文件-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
<!--项目构建用的东西-->
  <build>
    <finalName>javaweb-01-maven</finalName>
    <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.1.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.8.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.22.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.2.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.5.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.8.2</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
  </build>
</project>

maven高级之处在于:他会帮你导入jar包所依赖的其他jar

maven由于他的约定大于配置,可能会遇到写的配置文件无法被导出或者生效的问题,解决方案:在build中配置resources来防止我们资源导出失败的问题

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servlet:

HelloServlet.java

package com.dong.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //响应的类型:HTML
        response.setContentType("text/html");
        response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        //获取响应的输出流
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        out.println("<html>");
        out.println("<head>");
        out.println("<title>Hello World!</title>");
        out.println("</head>");
        out.println("<body>");
        out.println("<h1>你好!</h1>");
        out.println("</body>");
        out.println("</html>");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

Maven:

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--Maven版本和头文件-->
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<!--  这里就是我们刚才配置的GAV-->
  <groupId>com.dong</groupId>
  <artifactId>javaweb-01-maven</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
<!--  Package:项目的打包方式
jar:java应用
war:javaweb应用-->


<!--配置-->
  <properties>
<!--    项目的默认构建编码-->
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<!--    编码版本-->
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>
<!--项目依赖-->
  <dependencies>
<!--    具体依赖的jar包配置文件-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>4.0.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet.jsp/javax.servlet.jsp-api -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.3.3</version>
    </dependency>


  </dependencies>
<!--项目构建用的东西-->
  <build>
    <finalName>javaweb-01-maven</finalName>
    <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.1.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.8.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.22.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.2.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.5.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.8.2</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
  </build>
</project>

web.xml

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<!--  注册servlet-->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.dong.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
<!--  一个servlet对应一个Mapping:映射-->
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name>
<!--    请求路径-->
    <url-pattern>/dong</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

主页:index.jsp

<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
</body>
</html>

6.Servlet

6.1Servlet简介

  • Servlet就是sun公司开发动态web的一门技术
  • Sun公司在这些api中提供一个接口叫做:Servlet,如果你想开发一个Servlet程序,只需要完成两个小步骤
    • 编写一个类实现Servlet接口
    • 把开发好的java类部署到web服务器中

把实现了Servlet接口的java程序叫做,Servlet

6.2HelloServlet

Servlet接口Sun有两个默认的实现类:HttpServlet,GenericServlet

构建一个普通的Maven项目,删掉里面的src目录,以后我们的学习就在这个项目里面建议Moudel;这个空的工程就是Maven主工程

关于Maven父子工程的理解

夫项目中会有

<modules>
    <module>servlet-01</module>
</modules>

子项目会有

    <parent>
        <artifactId>javaweb-02-servlet</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.dong</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

夫项目中的java子项目可以直接使用

son extendx father

Maven环境优化

  1. 修改webXml为最新的
  2. 将Maven的结构搭建完整

编写一个Servle程序

  1. 编写一个普通类
  2. 实现Servlet接口,这里我们直接继承HttpServlet
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    //由于get或者post只是请求实现的不同的方式,可以相互调用,业务逻辑都一样
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//        ServletOutputStream outputStream = resp.getOutputStream();
        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
        writer.print("hello,Servlet");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

编写Servlet的映射

为什么需要映射:我们写的是java程序,当时要通过浏览器访问,而浏览器需要连接web服务器,所以我么你需要在web服务中注册我们写的Servlet,还需要给他一个浏览器能够访问的路径

<!--    注册Servlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.dong.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
<!--    Servlet的请求路径-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

配置Tomcat

启动测试

web.xml

p8的web.xml
?xml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8?
web-app xmlns=http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
         xmlns:xsi=http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance
         xsi:schemaLocation=http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
                         http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd
         version=4.0
         metadata-complete=true
/web-app

HelloServlet.java

package com.dong.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    //由于get或者post只是请求实现的不同的方式,可以相互调用,业务逻辑都一样
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("进入了doGet");
        //        ServletOutputStream outputStream = resp.getOutputStream();
        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
        writer.print("hello,Servlet");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

父pom

    <dependencies>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.1</version>

        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet.jsp/javax.servlet.jsp-api -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.3</version>
        </dependency>
</dependencies>

6.2 Servlet原理

Servlet是由Web服务器调用,web服务器在收到浏览器请求之后,会:

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-bnjvGWqA-1625719190422)(C:\Users\HASEE\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20210623230840647.png)]

6.4mapping

  1. 一个Servlet可以指定一个映射路径
<servlet-mapping>
	<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
  1. 一个Servlet可以指定多个映射路径
<servlet-mapping>
	<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
	<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/hello1</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
  1. 一个Servlet可以指定通用映射路径
<servlet-mapping>
	<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/hello/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
  1. 指定一些后缀或者前缀

*前面不能加映射

<servlet-mapping>
	<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
  1. 优先级问题

    制定了固有的映射路径优先级最高,如果找不到就会走默认的处理请求

6.5 ServletContext

web容器在启动时候,它会为每个web程序都创建一个对应的ServletContext对象,它代表了当前的web应用

1.共享数据

我在这个servlet保存的数据,可以在另外servlet中拿到

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//        this.getInitParameter()   初始化参数
        //this.getServletConfig()   servlet配置
        //this.getServletContext()  servlet上下文
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String username = "小明";//数据
        context.setAttribute("username",username);//将一个数据保存在ServletContext中,名字为:username,值为:username


    }

}

public class GetServlet extends HelloServlet{
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String username = (String) context.getAttribute("username");
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.getWriter().print("名字"+username);


    }

}
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.dong.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>getc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.dong.servlet.GetServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>getc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/getc</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

测试访问结果

2.获取初始化参数
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String url = context.getInitParameter("url");
        resp.getWriter().print(url);



    }
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>gp</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.dong.servlet.ServletDemo03</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>gp</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/gp</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
<!--    配置一些web应用初始化参数-->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>url</param-name>
        <param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis</param-value>
    </context-param>
3.请求转发
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        System.out.println("进入了Demo4");
//        RequestDispatcher gp = context.getRequestDispatcher("gp");//转发的请求路径
//        gp.forward(req,resp);//调用forwoed实现请求转发
        context.getRequestDispatcher("/gp").forward(req,resp);
    }
4. 读取资源文件

properties

  • 在java目录下新建properties
  • 在resources目录下新建properties

发现:都被打包到了同一个路径下:classes,我们俗称这个路径为classpath

思路:需要一个文件流

username=root
password=123456
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        InputStream is = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties");
        Properties prop = new Properties();
        prop.load(is);
        String username = prop.getProperty("username");
        String pwd = prop.getProperty("password");
        resp.getWriter().print(username+pwd);
    }

6.6 HttpServletResponse

web服务器接收到客户端的http请求,针对这个请求,分别创建一个代表请求的HttpServletRequest对象,代表响应的一个HttpServletResponse;

  • 如果要获取客户端请求过来的参数:找HttpServletRequest
  • 如果要给客户端响应一些信息,找HttpServletResponse
1. 简单分类

负责向浏览器发送数据的方法

ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException
PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException

负责向浏览器发送响应头的方法

响应的状态码


    /*
     * Server status codes; see RFC 2068.
     */

    /**
     * Status code (100) indicating the client can continue.
     */
    public static final int SC_CONTINUE = 100;

    /**
     * Status code (101) indicating the server is switching protocols
     * according to Upgrade header.
     */
    public static final int SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101;

    /**
     * Status code (200) indicating the request succeeded normally.
     */
    public static final int SC_OK = 200;

    /**
     * Status code (201) indicating the request succeeded and created
     * a new resource on the server.
     */
    public static final int SC_CREATED = 201;

    /**
     * Status code (202) indicating that a request was accepted for
     * processing, but was not completed.
     */
    public static final int SC_ACCEPTED = 202;

    /**
     * Status code (203) indicating that the meta information presented
     * by the client did not originate from the server.
     */
    public static final int SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203;

    /**
     * Status code (204) indicating that the request succeeded but that
     * there was no new information to return.
     */
    public static final int SC_NO_CONTENT = 204;

    /**
     * Status code (205) indicating that the agent <em>SHOULD</em> reset
     * the document view which caused the request to be sent.
     */
    public static final int SC_RESET_CONTENT = 205;

    /**
     * Status code (206) indicating that the server has fulfilled
     * the partial GET request for the resource.
     */
    public static final int SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206;

    /**
     * Status code (300) indicating that the requested resource
     * corresponds to any one of a set of representations, each with
     * its own specific location.
     */
    public static final int SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300;

    /**
     * Status code (301) indicating that the resource has permanently
     * moved to a new location, and that future references should use a
     * new URI with their requests.
     */
    public static final int SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301;

    /**
     * Status code (302) indicating that the resource has temporarily
     * moved to another location, but that future references should
     * still use the original URI to access the resource.
     *
     * This definition is being retained for backwards compatibility.
     * SC_FOUND is now the preferred definition.
     */
    public static final int SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY = 302;

    /**
    * Status code (302) indicating that the resource reside
    * temporarily under a different URI. Since the redirection might
    * be altered on occasion, the client should continue to use the
    * Request-URI for future requests.(HTTP/1.1) To represent the
    * status code (302), it is recommended to use this variable.
    */
    public static final int SC_FOUND = 302;

    /**
     * Status code (303) indicating that the response to the request
     * can be found under a different URI.
     */
    public static final int SC_SEE_OTHER = 303;

    /**
     * Status code (304) indicating that a conditional GET operation
     * found that the resource was available and not modified.
     */
    public static final int SC_NOT_MODIFIED = 304;

    /**
     * Status code (305) indicating that the requested resource
     * <em>MUST</em> be accessed through the proxy given by the
     * <code><em>Location</em></code> field.
     */
    public static final int SC_USE_PROXY = 305;

     /**
     * Status code (307) indicating that the requested resource 
     * resides temporarily under a different URI. The temporary URI
     * <em>SHOULD</em> be given by the <code><em>Location</em></code> 
     * field in the response.
     */
    public static final int SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307;

    /**
     * Status code (400) indicating the request sent by the client was
     * syntactically incorrect.
     */
    public static final int SC_BAD_REQUEST = 400;

    /**
     * Status code (401) indicating that the request requires HTTP
     * authentication.
     */
    public static final int SC_UNAUTHORIZED = 401;

    /**
     * Status code (402) reserved for future use.
     */
    public static final int SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402;

    /**
     * Status code (403) indicating the server understood the request
     * but refused to fulfill it.
     */
    public static final int SC_FORBIDDEN = 403;

    /**
     * Status code (404) indicating that the requested resource is not
     * available.
     */
    public static final int SC_NOT_FOUND = 404;

    /**
     * Status code (405) indicating that the method specified in the
     * <code><em>Request-Line</em></code> is not allowed for the resource
     * identified by the <code><em>Request-URI</em></code>.
     */
    public static final int SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405;

    /**
     * Status code (406) indicating that the resource identified by the
     * request is only capable of generating response entities which have
     * content characteristics not acceptable according to the accept
     * headers sent in the request.
     */
    public static final int SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406;

    /**
     * Status code (407) indicating that the client <em>MUST</em> first
     * authenticate itself with the proxy.
     */
    public static final int SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407;

    /**
     * Status code (408) indicating that the client did not produce a
     * request within the time that the server was prepared to wait.
     */
    public static final int SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408;

    /**
     * Status code (409) indicating that the request could not be
     * completed due to a conflict with the current state of the
     * resource.
     */
    public static final int SC_CONFLICT = 409;

    /**
     * Status code (410) indicating that the resource is no longer
     * available at the server and no forwarding address is known.
     * This condition <em>SHOULD</em> be considered permanent.
     */
    public static final int SC_GONE = 410;

    /**
     * Status code (411) indicating that the request cannot be handled
     * without a defined <code><em>Content-Length</em></code>.
     */
    public static final int SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411;

    /**
     * Status code (412) indicating that the precondition given in one
     * or more of the request-header fields evaluated to false when it
     * was tested on the server.
     */
    public static final int SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412;

    /**
     * Status code (413) indicating that the server is refusing to process
     * the request because the request entity is larger than the server is
     * willing or able to process.
     */
    public static final int SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413;

    /**
     * Status code (414) indicating that the server is refusing to service
     * the request because the <code><em>Request-URI</em></code> is longer
     * than the server is willing to interpret.
     */
    public static final int SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414;

    /**
     * Status code (415) indicating that the server is refusing to service
     * the request because the entity of the request is in a format not
     * supported by the requested resource for the requested method.
     */
    public static final int SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415;

    /**
     * Status code (416) indicating that the server cannot serve the
     * requested byte range.
     */
    public static final int SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416;

    /**
     * Status code (417) indicating that the server could not meet the
     * expectation given in the Expect request header.
     */
    public static final int SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417;

    /**
     * Status code (500) indicating an error inside the HTTP server
     * which prevented it from fulfilling the request.
     */
    public static final int SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500;

    /**
     * Status code (501) indicating the HTTP server does not support
     * the functionality needed to fulfill the request.
     */
    public static final int SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501;

    /**
     * Status code (502) indicating that the HTTP server received an
     * invalid response from a server it consulted when acting as a
     * proxy or gateway.
     */
    public static final int SC_BAD_GATEWAY = 502;

    /**
     * Status code (503) indicating that the HTTP server is
     * temporarily overloaded, and unable to handle the request.
     */
    public static final int SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503;

    /**
     * Status code (504) indicating that the server did not receive
     * a timely response from the upstream server while acting as
     * a gateway or proxy.
     */
    public static final int SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504;

    /**
     * Status code (505) indicating that the server does not support
     * or refuses to support the HTTP protocol version that was used
     * in the request message.
     */
    public static final int SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;
2.常见应用
  1. 向浏览器输出消息
  2. 下载文件
    1. 要获取下载文件的路径
    2. 下载等文件名是啥?
    3. 设置想办法让浏览器能够支持下载我们需要的东西
    4. 获取下载文件的输入流
    5. 创建缓冲区
    6. 获取OutputStream对象
    7. 将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区
    8. 使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端
public class FileServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//        1. 要获取下载文件的路径
        String realPath = "F:\\代码\\javaweb-03-servlet\\response\\target\\classes\\1.jpg";
        System.out.println("下载文件的路径"+realPath);
//        2. 下载等文件名是啥?
        String fileName = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1);
//        3. 设置想办法让浏览器能够支持(Content-Disposition)下载我们需要的东西,中文文件名为URLEncoder.encode(file.name,"utf-8")
        resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+fileName);
//        4. 获取下载文件的输入流
        FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(realPath);
//        5. 创建缓冲区
        int len = 0;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
//        6. 获取OutputStream对象
        ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
//        7. 将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区,使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端
        while ((len=in.read(buffer))>0){
            out.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        in.close();
        out.close();

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }
}

  1. 验证码功能

验证怎么来的?

  • 前端实现
  • 后端实现,需要用到java的图片类,生成一个图片
 protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //如何让浏览器3秒自动刷新一次
        resp.setHeader("refresh","3");
        //在内存中创建一个图片
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(80,20,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        //得到图片
        Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D)image.getGraphics();//笔
        //设置图片的背景颜色
        g.setColor(Color.white);
        g.fillRect(0,0,80,20);
        //给图片写数据
        g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
        g.setFont(new Font(null,Font.BOLD,20));
        g.drawString(makeNum(),0,20);
        //告诉浏览器这个请求用图片的方式打开
        resp.setContentType("image/jpeg");
        //网站存在缓存,不让浏览器缓存
        resp.setDateHeader("expires",-1);
        resp.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
        resp.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");
        //把图片写给浏览器
        ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",resp.getOutputStream());
    }
    //生成随机数
    private String makeNum(){
        Random random = new Random();
        String num = random.nextInt(9999999) + "";
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        for (int i = 0; i <7-num.length(); i++) {
            sb.append("0");

        }
        num = sb.toString() + num;
        return num;

    }
  1. 实现重定向

B一个web资源收到客户端请求后,B它会通知A客户端去访问另外一个web资源C,这个过程叫重定向

常见场景:

  • 用户登录
sendRedirect(String location) throws IOException

测试:

//        resp.setHeader("location","/response_war/img");
//        resp.setStatus(302);
       resp.sendRedirect("/response_war/img");//重定向

重定向和转发的区别:

相同点:

  • 页面都会跳转

不同点:

  • 请求转发的时候URL不会产生变化
  • 重定向时候,url会发生变化

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-6AFGZUDr-1625719190424)(C:\Users\HASEE\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20210624212051552.png)]

简单登陆验证

public class RequestTest extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

        //处理请求
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        System.out.println(username +":"+ password);
        //重定向时候一定要注意路径问题,否则404
        resp.sendRedirect("/response_war/success.jsp");

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }
}
<%--这里提交的路径需要寻找到项目的路径--%>
<%--${pageContext.request.contextPath}代表当前的项目--%>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="get">
    用户名:<input type="text" name="username">
    密码:<input type="password" name="password">
    <input type="submit">
</form>

6.7 HttpServletRequest

HttpServletRequest代表客户端的请求,用户通过http协议访问服务器,http请求中的所有信息会被封装到HttpServletRequest,通过HttpServletRequest我们可以获得信息

获取前端传递的参数,请求转发
req.getParameter()
req.getParameterValues()
package com.dong.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;

public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        String[] hobbys = req.getParameterValues("hobbys");
        System.out.println("=====================");
        System.out.println(username);
        System.out.println(password);
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(hobbys));
        System.out.println("==================");
        //通过请求转发
        req.getRequestDispatcher(req.getContextPath()+"/success.jsp").forward(req,resp);
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        String[] hobbys = req.getParameterValues("hobbys");
        System.out.println("=====================");
        System.out.println(username);
        System.out.println(password);
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(hobbys));
        System.out.println("==================");
        //通过请求转发
        //这里的/代表当前的web应用
        req.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp").forward(req,resp);
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
    }
}

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>登陆</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录</h1>
<div style="text-align: center">
<%--    以post方式提交表单,提交到login--%>
    <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="post">
        用户名:<input type="text" name="username"><br>
        密码:<input type="password" name="password"><br>
        爱好:
        <input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="女孩">女孩
        <input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="代码">代码
        <input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="唱歌">唱歌
        <input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="电影">电影
        <br>
        <input type="submit">
    </form>
</div>

</body>
</html>

重定向和转发的区别:

相同点:

  • 页面都会跳转

不同点:

  • 请求转发的时候URL不会产生变化;307
  • 重定向时候,url会发生变化;302

7.Cookie,Session

7.1会话

会话:用户打开一个浏览器,点击了很多超链接,访问多个web资源,关闭浏览器,这个过程可以称之为会话

有状态会话:一个同学来过教室,下次再来教室,我们会知道这个同学,曾经来过,称之为有状态会话

客户端 服务端

  1. 服务器给客户端一个兴建,客户端下次访问服务端带上新建就可以的。cookie
  2. 服务器等级你来过,下次来的时候进行匹配。seesion

7.2 保存会话的两种技术

cookie

  • 客户端技术(响应,请求)

session

  • 服务器技术,利用这个技术,可以保存用户的会话信息?我们可以把信息或者数据放在session中

常见场景:网站登陆之后,下次不用在登陆,访问直接就上去了

7.3Cookie

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  1. 从请求中拿到cookie
  2. 服务器响应给客户端
Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies();//这里返回数组,说明cookie可能存在多个
cookie.getName();//获得cookie中的key
cookie.getValue();//获得cookie中的value
new Cookie("lastLoginTime", System.currentTimeMillis()+"");//新建一个cookie
cookie.setMaxAge(24*60*60);//设置cookie有效期
resp.addCookie(cookie);//响应给客户端一个cookie

cookie:一般会保存在本地的用户目录下appdata

一个网站cookie是否存在上限:

  • 一个cookie只能保存一个信息
  • 一个web站点可以给浏览器发送多个cookie,最多存放20个cookie
  • 300个cookie浏览器上限
  • cookie大小有限制4kb

删除cookie:

  • 不设置有效期,关闭浏览器,自动失效
  • 设置有效期时间为0
package com.dong.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Date;

//保存用户上次访问的时间
public class CookieDemo01 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //服务器告诉你,你来的时间,把这个时间封装成一个信息
        //解决中文乱码
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
        //Cookie,服务器端从客户端获取
        Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies();//这里返回数组,说明cookie可能存在多个
        //判断cookie是否存在
        if (cookies != null){
            //如果存在怎么办
            out.write("上次访问时间是");
//            for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
//
//            }
            for (int i = 0; i <cookies.length ; i++) {
                Cookie cookie = cookies[i];
                //获取cookie的名字
                if (cookie.getName().equals("lastLoginTime")){
                    //获取cookie的值
                    long lastLoginTime = Long.parseLong(cookie.getValue());
                    Date date = new Date(lastLoginTime);
                    out.write(date.toLocaleString());
                }


            }
        }else {
            out.write("这是第一次访问");
        }
        //服务器给客户端响应一个cookie
        Cookie cookie = new Cookie("lastLoginTime", System.currentTimeMillis()+"");
        //cookie有效期为一天
        cookie.setMaxAge(24*60*60);
        resp.addCookie(cookie);




    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}
package com.dong.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class CookieDemo02 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //创建一个cookie,名字必须要和删除的名字一致
        Cookie cookie = new Cookie("lastLoginTime", System.currentTimeMillis()+"");
        cookie.setMaxAge(0);
        resp.addCookie(cookie);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

编码解码:

package com.dong.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.util.Date;

public class CookieDemo03 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies();
        PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();

        if (cookies != null){
            //如果存在怎么办
            out.write("上次访问时间是");
//            for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
//
//            }
            for (int i = 0; i <cookies.length ; i++) {
                Cookie cookie = cookies[i];
                //获取cookie的名字
                if (cookie.getName().equals("name")){
                    //获取cookie的值
//                    System.out.println(cookie.getValue());
                    //解码
                    out.write(URLDecoder.decode(cookie.getValue(),"Utf-8"));
                }


            }
        }else {
            out.write("这是第一次访问");
        }
        //编码
        Cookie cookie = new Cookie("dong", URLEncoder.encode("董","utf-8"));
        resp.addCookie(cookie);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

7.4Session

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什么是Session:

  • 服务器会给每一个用户(浏览器)创建一个session对象
  • 一个session独占一个浏览器,只要浏览器没有关闭,这个session就存在
  • 用户登陆之后,整个网站它都可以访问 -》保存用户的信息,保存用户车的信息

Session和Cookie的区别:

  • Cookie是吧用户的数据写给用户的浏览器,浏览器保存(可以保存多个)
  • session把用户的数据写到用户独占session中,服务端保存(保存重要信息,减少服务器资源的浪费)
  • session对象有服务创建

使用场景:

  • 保存一个登陆的用户的信息
  • 购物车信息
  • 在整个网站中经常会使用的数据,我们将它保存在session中

使用session:

package com.dong.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.IOException;

public class SessionDemo01 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //解决乱码问题
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        //得到Session
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        //得到Session中存东西
        session.setAttribute("name","董");
        //获取Session的ID
        String id = session.getId();
        //判断session是不是新的
        if (session.isNew()){
            resp.getWriter().write("session创建成功,ID:"+id);
        }else {
            resp.getWriter().write("session已经正在服务器中存在了"+id);
        }
        //session创建的时候做了什么事情
//        Cookie cookie = new Cookie("JSESSIONID", id);
//        resp.addCookie(cookie);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}
package com.dong.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;

public class SessionDemo02 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //解决乱码问题
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        //得到Session
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        String name = (String) session.getAttribute("name");
        System.out.println(name);
}

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

设置session失效

方法1:手动

package com.dong.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
//session注销
public class SessionDemo03 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //手动
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        session.removeAttribute("name");
        session.invalidate();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

方法2:在xml文件中设置,自动

<!--    设置session默认失效时间-->
    <session-config>
<!--        15分钟后session自动失效-->
        <session-timeout>15</session-timeout>
    </session-config>

8. JSP

8.1什么是JSP

Java Server Pages:java服务端页面,也和Servlet一样,用于动态web技术

最大的特点:

  • 写JSP就像再写HTML
  • 区别:
    • HTML只给用户提供静态的数据
    • JSP页面中可以嵌入JAVA代码,为用户提供动态数据

8.2JSP原理

  • 代码层面没有任何问题

  • 服务器内部工作

    tomcat中有一个work目录

    IDEA中使用Tmocat的会在IDEA中生成一个work目录

  • 发现页面转变成了Java程序

浏览器向服务器发送请求,不管访问什么资源,其实都是在访问Servlet

JSP最终也会转换成一个java类

jsp本质上就是一个servlet

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在JSP页面中:

只要是JAVA代码就会原封不动的输出;

如果是html就会进行转换

out.write("\r\n")

8.3 jsp基础语法

任何语言都有自己的语法,java中有,jsp作为java技术的一种应用,它拥有一些自己的扩充语法,java所有语法都支持

jsp表达式

  <%--  jsp表达式
  作用:用来将程序的输出,输出到客户端
  <%= 变量或者表达式%>
    --%>
  <%= new java.util.Date()%>

jsp脚本片段

<%--  jsp脚本片段--%>
  <%
  int sum = 0;
    for (int i = 1; i <=100 ; i++) {
      sum+=i;
    }
    out.println("<h1>Sum="+sum+"</h1>");
  %>

脚本片段的再实现

jsp声明:会被编译到jsp生成java的类中,其他的就会被生成到jspservice中!

  <%!
    static {
      System.out.println("loading servlet");
    }
    private int globalvar = 0;
    public void dong(){
      System.out.println("进入了dong方法");
  }
  %>

在jsp中,嵌入java代码即可

<%%>
<%=%>
<%!%>
<%--注释-->

jsp的注释,不会再客户端显示,html就会

8.4 jsp指令

定制错误页面:

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<%--定制错误页面--%>
<%--<%@ page errorPage="error/500.jsp" %>--%>
<%--显示声明这是一个错误页面--%>
<%@page isErrorPage="true" %>
<%@page pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@page ...%>

在web-xml定义

    <error-page>
        <error-code>404</error-code>
        <location>/error/404.jsp</location>
    </error-page>
    <error-page>
        <error-code>500</error-code>
        <location>/error/500.jsp</location>
    </error-page>

页面合并:

<%@include file=""%>
<%--@include会将三个页面合为一
    所以会存在变量名冲突--%>
    <%@include file="common/header.jsp"%>
    <h1>网页主题</h1>
    <%@include file="common/footer.jsp"%>
    <hr>
<%--    jsp标签
        jsp:clude:拼接页面,本质还是三个
--%>
    <jsp:include page="/common/footer.jsp"></jsp:include>

8.5 9大内置对象

  • PageContext 存东西
  • Request 存东西
  • Response
  • Session 存东西
  • Application【ServletContext】 存东西
  • config【ServletConfig】
  • out
  • page,几乎不用
  • exception

pageContext实现转发

<%
    pageContext.forward("/index.jsp");
//request.getRequestDispatcher("/index.jsp").forward(request,response); servlet实现
%>
<%--内置对象--%>
<%

    pageContext.setAttribute("name1","一号");//保存的数据旨在一个页面中有效
    request.setAttribute("name2","二号");//保存的数据只在一次请求中有效,请求转发会携带这个数据
    session.setAttribute("name3","三号");//保存的数据只在一次会话中有效,从打开浏览器到关闭服务器
    application.setAttribute("name4","四号");//保存的数据只在服务器中有效,从打开服务器到关闭服务器

%>
<%--脚本片段中的代码会被原封不动的生成到jsp.java
要求:这里面的代码,必须保证java语法的正确性
--%>
<%
    //通过pageContext取出保存的值,我们通过寻找的方式来
    String name1 = (String) pageContext.findAttribute("name1");
    String name2 = (String) pageContext.findAttribute("name2");
    String name3 = (String) pageContext.findAttribute("name3");
    String name4 = (String) pageContext.findAttribute("name4");
    String name5 = (String) pageContext.findAttribute("name5");//不存在

%>
<%--使用EL表达式输出,${}--%>
<h1>取出的值为</h1>
<h3>${name1}</h3>
<h3>${name2}</h3>
<h3>${name3}</h3>
<h3>${name4}</h3>
<h3>${name5}</h3>
<h3><%=name5%></h3>//如果使用这种方式的话会,页面会输出一个null

request:客户端向服务器发送的请求,产生的数据,用户看完就没用了,比如:新闻,用户看完没用的

session:客户端向服务器发送的请求,产生的数据,用户看完一会还有用,比如:购物车;

application:客户端向服务器发送请求,产生的数据,一个用户用完了,其他用户还可能使用,比如:聊天数据

8.6 JSP标签,JSTL标签,EL表达式

导包

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/taglibs/standard -->
<!--        stabdard标签-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
            <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.2</version>
        </dependency>

EL表达式:${}

  • 获取数据
  • 执行运算
  • 获取web开发的常用对象

jsp标签

<%--<jsp:include page=""></jsp:include>--%>
<jsp:forward page="jsptag2.jsp">
    <jsp:param name="name" value="dong"/>
    <jsp:param name="age" value="12"/>
</jsp:forward>
<%--取出参数--%>
名字:<%=request.getParameter("name")%>
年龄:<%=request.getParameter("age")%>

JSTL标签

JSTL标签库的使用就是为了弥补HTML标签不足:它定义许多标签,可以供我们使用,标签的功能和java代码功能一样

核心标签

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格式化标签

SQL标签

XML标签

JSTL标签库使用步骤:

  • 引入对应的taglib
  • 使用其中的方法
  • 在Tomcat也需要引入jstl的包,否则会报错:JSTL解析错误

c:if

<form action="coreif.jsp" method="get">
<%--    EL表达式,获取表单中的数据
        ${parm.参数名}
--%>
    <input type="text" name="username" value="${param.username}">
    <input type="submit" value="登陆">
</form>
<%--判断如果登陆的是admin,则登陆成功--%>
<c:if test="${param.username == 'admin'}" var="isadmin">
    <c:out value="管理员欢迎你"></c:out>
</c:if>
<c:out value="${isadmin}"></c:out>
<%--定义一个变量score,值为85--%>
<c:set var="score" value="85"></c:set>
<c:choose>
    <c:when test="${score>=90}">
        你的成绩为优秀
    </c:when>
    <c:when test="${score>=80}">
        你的成绩为一般
    </c:when>
    <c:when test="${score>=70}">
        你的成绩为良好
    </c:when>
    <c:when test="${score<=60}">
        你的成绩为优秀
    </c:when>
</c:choose>

c:foreach

<%
    ArrayList<String> people = new ArrayList<>();
    people.add(0,"张三");
    people.add(1,"李四");
    people.add(2,"王五");
    people.add(3,"赵六");
    people.add(4,"田七");
    request.setAttribute("list",people);
%>
<%--
var,每一次遍历出来的变量
items,要遍历的对象
begin:哪里开始
end:到哪里
step:步长
--%>
<c:forEach var="people" items="${list}">
    <c:out value="${people}"></c:out>
    <br>
</c:forEach>
<hr>
<c:forEach begin="1" end="3" step="2" var="people" items="${list}">
    <c:out value="${people}"></c:out>
</c:forEach>

9.JavaBeen

<%--//    People people = new People();--%>
<%--//    people.setAge();--%>
<%--%>--%>
<jsp:useBean id="people" class="com.dong.pojo.People" scope="page"></jsp:useBean>
<jsp:setProperty name="people" property="address" value="北京"></jsp:setProperty>
<jsp:setProperty name="people" property="id" value="1"></jsp:setProperty>
<jsp:setProperty name="people" property="age" value="3"></jsp:setProperty>
<jsp:setProperty name="people" property="name" value="董"></jsp:setProperty>
<%--<%=people.getAddress()%>--%>
姓名:<jsp:getProperty name="people" property="name"/>
ID:<jsp:getProperty name="people" property="id"/>
年龄:<jsp:getProperty name="people" property="age"/>
地址:<jsp:getProperty name="people" property="address"/>

10.MVC三层架构

什么是MVC:Model,view,Controller 模型 视图 控制器

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用户直接访问控制层,控制层就可以直接操作数据库

servlet–curd–>数据库

弊端:程序臃肿,不利于维护 servl的代码中,处理请求,响应,试图跳转,处理jdbc,处理逻辑代码

架构:没有什么是加一层解决不了的

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Model

  • 业务处理:业务逻辑(Service)
  • 数据持久层:CRUD(Dao)

View

  • 展示数据
  • 提供链接,发起Servlet请求(a,from,img…)

Controller(Servlet)

  • 接收用户的请求(req:请求参数,Session信息)
  • 交给业务层处理对应的代码
  • 控制视图的跳转

登陆–>接受用户的登陆请求–>处理用户的请求(获取用户的登陆参数,username,password)–>交给业务层处理登陆业务(判断用户名密码是否正确:事务)–>Dao层查询用户名和密码是否正确–>数据库

11.Filter

Filter:过滤器,用来过滤网站的数据

  • 处理中文乱码
  • 登陆验证

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Filter开发步骤

  1. 导包
  2. 编写过滤器
package com.dong.filter;

import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.IOException;
//导包导的是servlet中的
public class CharacterEncodingFilter implements Filter {
    //初始化:web服务器启动,就进行初始化了,随时等待过滤对象出现
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("初始化");
    }
    //Chain:链
    /*
    * 1.过滤中的所有代码,在脱氯特定请求的时候都会执行
    * 2.必须要让过滤器继续同行
    * */
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        System.out.println("执行前");
        chain.doFilter(request,response);//让我们的请求继续走,如果不写,程序到这就停止了
        System.out.println("执行后");

    }
    //销毁:web服务器关闭的时候,过滤会销毁
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("销毁");
    }
}

3.在web.xml中配置映射filter

        <filter>
            <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
            <filter-class>com.dong.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        </filter>
        <filter-mapping>
            <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<!--            只要是/servlet的任何请求,都会经过这个过滤器-->
            <url-pattern>/servlet/*</url-pattern>
        </filter-mapping>

12.监听器

实现一个监听器的接口

listener

13.过滤器,监听器常见应用

  1. 用户登陆之后,向Session中放入用户的数据
  2. 进入主页的时候要判断是否已经登陆,在过滤器中实现

14.JDBC

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需要jar包的支持:

  • java.sql
  • javax.sql
  • mysql-conter-java(连接驱动)

实验环境搭建

导入数据库依赖

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.34</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
package com.dong.test;

import java.sql.*;

public class TestJdbc {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
        //配置信息
        //?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=gbk解决中文乱码
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbc?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=gbk";
        String username = "root";
        String password = "123456";
        //1.加载驱动
        Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        //2.连接数据库,代表数据库
        Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
        //3.向数据库发送sql的对象statement:CRUD
        Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
        //4.编写sql
        String sql = "select * from users;";
        //5.执行sql,返回一个ResultSet
        ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery(sql);
        while(resultSet.next()){
            System.out.println("id="+resultSet.getObject("id"));
            System.out.println("id="+resultSet.getObject("name"));
            System.out.println("id="+resultSet.getObject("password"));
            System.out.println("id="+resultSet.getObject("email"));
            System.out.println("id="+resultSet.getObject("birthday"));
        }
        //6.关闭连接释放资源
        resultSet.close();
        statement.close();
        connection.close();

    }
}

JDBC固定六部曲

  1. 加载驱动
  2. 连接数据库
  3. 向数据库发送sql对象Statement:CRUD
  4. 编写SQL(根据业务,不同的SQL)
  5. 执行SQL
  6. 关闭连接

ilter>
CharacterEncodingFilter
com.dong.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter


CharacterEncodingFilter

        <url-pattern>/servlet/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

## 12.监听器

实现一个监听器的接口

listener

## 13.过滤器,监听器常见应用

1. 用户登陆之后,向Session中放入用户的数据
2. 进入主页的时候要判断是否已经登陆,在过滤器中实现

## 14.JDBC

[外链图片转存中...(img-eCgm63im-1625719190447)]

需要jar包的支持:

- java.sql
- javax.sql
- mysql-conter-java(连接驱动)

实验环境搭建

导入数据库依赖

```xml
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.34</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
package com.dong.test;

import java.sql.*;

public class TestJdbc {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
        //配置信息
        //?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=gbk解决中文乱码
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbc?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=gbk";
        String username = "root";
        String password = "123456";
        //1.加载驱动
        Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        //2.连接数据库,代表数据库
        Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
        //3.向数据库发送sql的对象statement:CRUD
        Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
        //4.编写sql
        String sql = "select * from users;";
        //5.执行sql,返回一个ResultSet
        ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery(sql);
        while(resultSet.next()){
            System.out.println("id="+resultSet.getObject("id"));
            System.out.println("id="+resultSet.getObject("name"));
            System.out.println("id="+resultSet.getObject("password"));
            System.out.println("id="+resultSet.getObject("email"));
            System.out.println("id="+resultSet.getObject("birthday"));
        }
        //6.关闭连接释放资源
        resultSet.close();
        statement.close();
        connection.close();

    }
}

JDBC固定六部曲

  1. 加载驱动
  2. 连接数据库
  3. 向数据库发送sql对象Statement:CRUD
  4. 编写SQL(根据业务,不同的SQL)
  5. 执行SQL
  6. 关闭连接
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