cobbler
1.cobbler简介
Cobbler
是一个Linux服务器安装的服务,可以通过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机,同时还可以管理DHCP
,DNS
等。
Cobbler
可以使用命令行方式管理,也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web),还提供了API接口,可以方便二次开发使用。
Cobbler
是较早前的kickstart的升级版,优点是比较容易配置,还自带web界面比较易于管理。
Cobbler
内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统,但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成,如Puppet,暂时不支持SaltStack。
cobbler配置文件详解
cobbler`配置文件目录在/etc/cobbler
配置文件 | 作用 |
---|---|
/etc/cobbler/settings | cobbler 主配置文件 |
/etc/cobbler/iso/ | iso模板配置文件 |
/etc/cobbler/pxe | 0pxe模板配置文件 |
/etc/cobbler/power | 电源配置文件 |
/etc/cobbler/user.conf | web服务授权配置文件 |
/etc/cobbler/users.digest | web访问的用户名密码配置文件 |
/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template | dhcp服务器的的配置模板 |
/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template | dns服务器的配置模板 |
/etc/cobbler/tftpd.template | tftp服务的配置模板 |
/etc/cobbler/modules.conf | 模块的配置文件 |
cobbler数据目录
目录 | 作用 |
---|---|
/var/lib/cobbler/config/ | 用于存放distros,system,profiles等信息配置文件 |
/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/ | 用于存放用户定义的cobbler命令 |
/var/lib/cobbler/kickstart/ | 默认存放kickstart文件 |
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/ | 存放各种引导程序以及镜像目录 |
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/ | 导入的发行版系统的所有数据 |
/var/www/cobbler/images/ | 导入发行版的kernel和initrd镜像用于远程网络启动 |
/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror/ | yum仓库存储目录 |
cobbler日志文件
日志文件路径 | 说明 |
---|---|
/var/log/cobbler/installing | 客户端安装日志 |
/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log | cobbler日志 |
cobbler
命令详解
cobbler check //核对当前设置是否有问题
cobbler list //列出所有的cobbler元素
cobbler report //列出元素的详细信息
cobbler sync //同步配置到数据目录,更改配置最好都要执行下
cobbler reposync //同步yum仓库
cobbler distro //查看导入的发行版系统信息
cobbler system //查看添加的系统信息
cobbler profile //查看配置信息
2.cobbler服务端部署
//安装cobbler以及相关的软件
[root@localhost ~]# dnf module enable cobbler:3 -y
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install httpd dhcp* tftp tftp-server cobbler cobbler-web pykickstart rsync rsync-daemon
//启动服务并设置开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now rsyncd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now tftp
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now cobblerd
//修改server的ip地址为本机ip
sed -i 's/^server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.159.100/' /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
//设置tftp的ip地址为本机ip
sed -i 's/^next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 192.168.159.100/' /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
//生成加密的密码
[root@localhost ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt "$RANDOM" 'redhat'
$1$5417$gO5A7qe4S6K724V33w9MC0
//将新生成的加密密码加入到配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
default_password_crypted: "$1$5417$gO5A7qe4S6K724V33w9MC0"
//将cobbler的dhcp功能打开
sed -i "s#manage_dhcp: false#manage_dhcp: true#" /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
manage_dhcp: true
//重启cobbler
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
//通过cobbler check 核对当前设置是否有问题
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1: some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders. If you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, and yaboot.
2: reposync is not installed, install yum-utils or dnf-plugins-core
3: yumdownloader is not installed, install yum-utils or dnf-plugins-core
4: debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
5: fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
问题1解决办法:
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install syslinux*
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@localhost ~]# ls /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
menu.c32 pxelinux.0
问题2和问题3解决办法
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install yum-utils
问题4和问题5可以忽略,
因为是debian系统才需要解决,显示使用的是centos8
Debian系统解决办法安装fence-agents
//配置DHCP模板文件
subnet 192.168.159.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 192.168.159.2;
option domain-name-servers 192.168.159.2;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.159.100 192.168.159.110;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
next-server $next_server;
//同步cobbler配置
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2022-09-25_150121_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Sun Sep 25 15:01:21 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system_link
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
copying bootloaders
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=.cobbler_postun_cleanup', '/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=README.grubconfig', '/var/lib/cobbler/grub_config/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout:
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running python trigger cobbler.modules.managers.genders
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
shell triggers finished successfully
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
**管理distro**
//挂载镜像
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
mount: /mnt: WARNING: device write-protected, mounted read-only.
[root@localhost ~]# ls /mnt
AppStream BaseOS EFI images isolinux LICENSE media.repo TRANS.TBL
//导入镜像
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=hwf-8 arch=x86_64
task started: 2022-09-25_150707_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Sun Sep 25 15:07:07 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/import/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/import/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel8
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel8
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8:
creating new distro: hwf-8-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/hwf-8-x86_64
creating new profile: hwf-8-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8 for hwf-8-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8/AppStream
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8/AppStream
looking for /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8/AppStream/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8/AppStream/repodata
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8/BaseOS
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8/BaseOS
looking for /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8/BaseOS/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8/BaseOS/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
//查看cobbler镜像列表
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler list
distros:
hwf-8-x86_64
profiles:
hwf-8-x86_64
systems:
repos:
images:
mgmtclasses:
packages:
files:
//查看详细信息 查看指定的--name 接镜像名
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler distro report --name hwf-8-x86_64
Name : hwf-8-x86_64
Architecture : x86_64
Automatic Installation Template Metadata : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/hwf-8-x86_64'}
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Boot loader : grub
Breed : redhat
Comment :
Fetchable Files : {}
Initrd : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
Kernel : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
Kernel Options : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Management Classes : []
OS Version : rhel8
Owners : ['admin']
Redhat Management Key :
Remote Boot Initrd : ~
Remote Boot Kernel : ~
Template Files : {}
//创建kickstarts自动安装脚本
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile get-autoinstall --name hwf-8-x86_64 > /var/lib/cobbler/templates/hwf8.ks
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/templates/
[root@localhost templates]# cat hwf8.ks
# Sample kickstart file for current EL, Fedora based distributions.
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
# System authorization information
auth --useshadow --enablemd5
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Use text mode install
text
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled --关闭防火墙
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --disable
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US
# Use network installation
url --url=http://192.168.159.100/cblr/links/hwf-8-x86_64
# If any cobbler repo definitions were referenced in the kickstart profile, include them here.
repo --name=source-1 --baseurl=http://192.168.159.100/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8/AppStream
repo --name=source-2 --baseurl=http://192.168.159.100/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8/BaseOS
# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on
# Reboot after installation
reboot
#Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$5417$gO5A7qe4S6K724V33w9MC0
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# System timezone
timezone America/New_York
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Allow anaconda to partition the system as needed
autopart
%pre
set -x -v
exec 1>/tmp/ks-pre.log 2>&1
# Once root's homedir is there, copy over the log.
while : ; do
sleep 10
if [ -d /mnt/sysimage/root ]; then
cp /tmp/ks-pre.log /mnt/sysimage/root/
logger "Copied %pre section log to system"
break
fi
done &
# Enable installation monitoring
%end
%packages
@^minimal-environment --设置最小化安装
%end
%post --nochroot
set -x -v
exec 1>/mnt/sysimage/root/ks-post-nochroot.log 2>&1
%end
%post
set -x -v
exec 1>/root/ks-post.log 2>&1
# Start yum configuration
curl "http://192.168.159.100/cblr/svc/op/yum/profile/hwf-8-x86_64" --output /etc/yum.repos.d/cobbler-config.repo
# End yum configuration
# Start post_install_network_config generated code
# End post_install_network_config generated code
# Start download cobbler managed config files (if applicable)
# End download cobbler managed config files (if applicable)
# Start koan environment setup
echo "export COBBLER_SERVER=192.168.159.100" > /etc/profile.d/cobbler.sh
echo "setenv COBBLER_SERVER 192.168.159.100" > /etc/profile.d/cobbler.csh
# End koan environment setup
$SNIPPET('redhat_register')
# Begin cobbler registration
# cobbler registration is disabled in /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
# End cobbler registration
# Enable post-install boot notification
# Start final steps
curl "http://192.168.159.100/cblr/svc/op/autoinstall/profile/hwf-8-x86_64" -o /root/cobbler.ks
# End final steps
%end
//此时使用虚拟机去安装系统并不会成功 需要做如下操作
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/share/cobbler/bin
[root@localhost bin]# ls
migrate-data-v2-to-v3.py mkgrub.sh
migrate-settings.sh settings-migration-v1-to-v2.sh
[root@localhost bin]# bash mkgrub.sh
+ grub2-mkimage -O arm64-efi -o /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub/grubaa64.efi --prefix= all_video boot cat configfile echo true font gfxmenu gfxterm gzio halt iso9660 jpeg minicmd normal part_apple part_msdos part_gpt password_pbkdf2 png reboot search search_fs_uuid search_fs_file search_label sleep test video fat loadenv linux btrfs ext2 xfs jfs reiserfs tftp http luks gcry_rijndael gcry_sha1 gcry_sha256 mdraid09 mdraid1x lvm serial regexp tr efinet
grub2-mkimage: error: cannot open `/usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/moddep.lst': No such file or directory.
+ set +x
+ grub2-mkimage -O i386-pc-pxe -o /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub/grub.0 --prefix= all_video boot cat configfile echo true font gfxmenu gfxterm gzio halt iso9660 jpeg minicmd normal part_apple part_msdos part_gpt password_pbkdf2 png reboot search search_fs_uuid search_fs_file search_label sleep test video fat loadenv linux btrfs ext2 xfs jfs reiserfs tftp http luks gcry_rijndael gcry_sha1 gcry_sha256 mdraid09 mdraid1x lvm serial regexp tr chain pxe biosdisk
+ set +x
+ grub2-mkimage -O powerpc-ieee1275 -o /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub/grub.ppc64le --prefix= all_video boot cat configfile echo true font gfxmenu gfxterm gzio halt iso9660 jpeg minicmd normal part_apple part_msdos part_gpt password_pbkdf2 png reboot search search_fs_uuid search_fs_file search_label sleep test video fat loadenv linux btrfs ext2 xfs jfs reiserfs tftp http luks gcry_rijndael gcry_sha1 gcry_sha256 mdraid09 mdraid1x lvm serial regexp tr net ofnet
grub2-mkimage: error: cannot open `/usr/lib/grub/powerpc-ieee1275/moddep.lst': No such file or directory.
+ set +x
+ grub2-mkimage -O x86_64-efi -o /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub/grubx64.efi --prefix= all_video boot cat configfile echo true font gfxmenu gfxterm gzio halt iso9660 jpeg minicmd normal part_apple part_msdos part_gpt password_pbkdf2 png reboot search search_fs_uuid search_fs_file search_label sleep test video fat loadenv linux btrfs ext2 xfs jfs reiserfs tftp http luks gcry_rijndael gcry_sha1 gcry_sha256 mdraid09 mdraid1x lvm serial regexp tr chain efinet
grub2-mkimage: error: cannot open `/usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/moddep.lst': No such file or directory.
+ set +x
[root@localhost bin]# ls /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
grub ldlinux.c32 menu.c32 pxelinux.0
[root@localhost bin]# cobbler sync
task started: 2022-09-25_153440_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Sun Sep 25 15:34:40 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/hwf-8-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub.0
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub.ppc64le
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grubaa64.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grubx64.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system_link
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_efi.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_legacy.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_powerpc-ieee1275.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/x86_64_menu_items.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/hwf-8-x86_64
copying bootloaders
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=.cobbler_postun_cleanup', '/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=README.grubconfig', '/var/lib/cobbler/grub_config/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: hwf-8-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/hwf-8-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/hwf-8-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: hwf-8-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/hwf-8-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/hwf-8-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for hwf-8-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
processing boot_files for distro: hwf-8-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout:
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running python trigger cobbler.modules.managers.genders
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
shell triggers finished successfully
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@localhost bin]# systemctl restart httpd cobblerd rsyncd dhcpd
手动安装
//创建一个虚拟机,然后打开虚拟机
使用cobbler-web自动安装centos8系统