cobbler简介
Cobbler是一个Linux服务器安装的服务,可以通过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机,同时还可以管理DHCP,DNS等。
Cobbler可以使用命令行方式管理,也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web),还提供了API接口,可以方便二次开发使用。
Cobbler是较早前的kickstart的升级版,优点是比较容易配置,还自带web界面比较易于管理。
Cobbler内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统,但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成,如Puppet,暂时不支持SaltStack。
Cobbler官网
cobbler集成的服务
- PXE服务支持
- DHCP服务管理
- DNS服务管理(可选bind,dnsmasq)
- 电源管理
- Kickstart服务支持
- YUM仓库管理
- TFTP(PXE启动时需要)
- Apache(提供kickstart的安装源,并提供定制化的kickstart配置)
cobbler配置文件详解
cobbler配置文件目录在/etc/cobbler
配置文件 | 作用 |
---|---|
/etc/cobbler/settings | cobbler 主配置文件 |
/etc/cobbler/iso/ | iso模板配置文件 |
/etc/cobbler/pxe | pxe模板配置文件 |
/etc/cobbler/power | 电源配置文件 |
/etc/cobbler/user.conf | web服务授权配置文件 |
/etc/cobbler/users.digest | web访问的用户名密码配置文件 |
/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template | dhcp服务器的的配置模板 |
/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template | dns服务器的配置模板 |
/etc/cobbler/tftpd.template | tftp服务的配置模板 |
/etc/cobbler/modules.conf | 模块的配置文件 |
cobbler数据目录
目录 | 作用 |
---|---|
/var/lib/cobbler/config/ | 用于存放distros,system,profiles等信息配置文件 |
/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/ | 用于存放用户定义的cobbler命令 |
/var/lib/cobbler/kickstart/ | 默认存放kickstart文件 |
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/ | 存放各种引导程序以及镜像目录 |
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/ | 导入的发行版系统的所有数据 |
/var/www/cobbler/images/ | 导入发行版的kernel和initrd镜像用于远程网络启动 |
/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror/ | yum仓库存储目录 |
cobbler日志文件
日志文件路径 | 说明 |
---|---|
/var/log/cobbler/installing | 客户端安装日志 |
/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log | cobbler日志 |
cobbler命令详解
cobbler check //核对当前设置是否有问题
cobbler list //列出所有的cobbler元素
cobbler report //列出元素的详细信息
cobbler sync //同步配置到数据目录,更改配置最好都要执行下
cobbler reposync //同步yum仓库
cobbler distro //查看导入的发行版系统信息
cobbler system //查看添加的系统信息
cobbler profile //查看配置信息
cobbler服务端部署
注意:配置之前先关闭防火墙和selinux
//配置yum源
[root@cobbler ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@cobbler ~]# sed -i 's/\$releasever/7/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@cobbler ~]# sed -i 's/^enabled=.*/enabled=1/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@cobbler ~]# yum -y install epel-release
//安装cobbler以及相关的软件
[root@cobbler ~]# yum -y install httpd dhcp tftp python-ctypes cobbler xinetd cobbler-web pykickstart
//启动服务并设置开机自启
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl start cobblerd
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl enable httpd
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl enable cobblerd
//检查哪些需要修改
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler check
//修改server的ip地址为本机ip
[root@cobbler ~]# sed -i 's/^server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.230.11/' /etc/cobbler/settings
//设置tftp的ip地址为本机ip
[root@cobbler ~]# sed -i 's/^next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 192.168.230.11/' /etc/cobbler/settings
//开启tftp
[root@cobbler ~]# sed -i '/disable/s/yes/no/g' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
//下载缺失文件
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler get-loaders
//启动rsync并设置开机自启
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl start rsyncd
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd
//生成加密的密码
[root@cobbler ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt "$RANDOM" 'chenshuai.com'
$1$13134$rkYPmldaWbC0BRyAPIirj.
//将新生成的加密密码加入到配置文件
[root@cobbler ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings
default_password_crypted: "$1$13134$rkYPmldaWbC0BRyAPIirj."
//重启cobbler
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@cobbler ~]# ss -antl
//再次检查
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler check
//修改cobbler配置文件,让cobbler控制dhcp
[root@cobbler ~]# sed -i '/^manage_dhcp/s/0/1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings
//配置dhcp,注意,一定要跟自己的IP地址在同一网段
[root@cobbler ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
subnet 192.168.230.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 192.168.230.5;
option domain-name-servers 192.168.230.2;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.230.100 192.168.230.254;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
next-server $next_server;
//重启服务并同步配置,改完dhcp必须要sync同步配置
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler sync
········
········
*** TASK COMPLETE *** //如果是FAILED就检查前面的配置
//检查dhcp是否正常
[root@cobbler ~]# netstat -anulp|grep dhcp
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:67 0.0.0.0:* 4604/dhcpd
//导入redhat7镜像
[root@cobbler ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt --name=rhel-7 --arch=x86_64
//查看cobbler镜像列表
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler list
distros:
rhel-7-x86_64
profiles:
rhel-7-x86_64
//创建kickstarts自动安装脚本
[root@cobbler ~]# cat > /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks <<'EOF'
auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
bootloader --location=mbr
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --asprimary --fstype="ext4" --size=500
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=4096
part / --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=15000
text
firewall --disabled
firstboot --disable
keyboard us
lang en_US
url --url=http://192.168.230.11/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64
$yum_repo_stanza
reboot
rootpw --iscrypted $6$9wBiBn.HrK5AQ5vh$euEF3PZ4PjnaJSLhuk7VwzOvGD5gS6yAjr1O1ltE2tBUk.Ls8L/TS9rUXfhLkBx2DkAUbfBIXQSKugmK7212n0
selinux --disabled
skipx
timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
install
zerombr
%packages
@^minimal
@core
kexec-tools
%end
%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'
%end
%anaconda
pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
%end
EOF
//检查ks文件语法是否有误
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler validateks
//修改profile,将我们新建的ks文件设为默认的kickstarts安装文件
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile edit --name rhel-7-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks
//配置网卡名称为传统网卡名称eth0
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile edit --name rhel-7-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'
//检查当前系统cobbler配置文件信息
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile report
Name : rhel-7-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Comment :
DHCP Tag : default
Distribution : rhel-7-x86_64
Enable gPXE? : 0
Enable PXE Menu? : 1
Fetchable Files : {}
Kernel Options : {'biosdevname': '0', 'net.ifnames': '0'} //网卡设为传统命名方式
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks //使用的kickstarts配置文件的路径,必须为我们新建的ks文件的路径
Kickstart Metadata : {}
Management Classes : []
Management Parameters : <<inherit>>
Name Servers : []
Name Servers Search Path : []
Owners : ['admin']
Parent Profile :
Internal proxy :
Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>
Repos : []
Server Override : <<inherit>>
Template Files : {}
Virt Auto Boot : 1
Virt Bridge : xenbr0
Virt CPUs : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type : raw
Virt File Size(GB) : 5
Virt Path :
Virt RAM (MB) : 512
Virt Type : kvm
//同步cobbler
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler sync
//为避免发生未知问题,先把服务端所有服务重启
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart xinetd
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@cobbler ~]# ss -antl
客户端安装
先创建一个新的虚拟机,跟服务端一样装,网卡模式也一样,装好之后启动,看到以下界面就ok了
如果在这里不想选择(默认有个local),想直接让它自己安装的话,可以这样
[root@cobbler ~]# cd /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/
[root@cobbler pxelinux.cfg]# ls
default
[root@cobbler pxelinux.cfg]# vim default
DEFAULT menu
PROMPT 0
MENU TITLE Cobbler | http://cobbler.github.io/
TIMEOUT 200
TOTALTIMEOUT 6000
ONTIMEOUT rhel-7-x86_64 #修改这里为要安装的名称,默认是local
#LABEL local #注释掉这四行就可以了
# MENU LABEL (local)
# MENU DEFAULT
# LOCALBOOT -1
LABEL rhel-7-x86_64
kernel /images/rhel-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
MENU LABEL rhel-7-x86_64
append initrd=/images/rhel-7-x86_64/initrd.img ksdevice=bootif lang= text net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 kssendmac ks=http://192.168.230.11/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/rhel-7-x86_64
ipappend 2
MENU end
定制安装
定制安装步骤:
- 统计服务器mac地址
- 配置cobbler
- 安装
在 cobbler 的web界面上配置:
直接访问web,但是这里访问的时候出错了,通过查看httpd的错误日志,发现是一个的版本太低了
[root@cobbler ~]# rpm -e python2-django-1.11.18-1.el7.noarch --nodeps
[root@cobbler ~]# yum install python2-django16 -y
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart httpd
同步配置并重启相关服务:
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler sync
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart xinetd