今天分享一下如何生成图形验证码,图形验证码可以由前端生成,也可以由后端生成,下面分别介绍这两种方法,首先是前端生成
<el-form-item>
<div style="display: flex">
<el-input size="mid" v-model="code" style="width: 200px"></el-input>
<span @click="refreshCode" style="cursor: pointer; flex: 1;">
<Identify :identifyCode="ideCode"></Identify>
</span>
</div>
</el-form-item>
code用来接收验证码输入框中输入的验证码,identifyCode存储生成的验证码的内容,ideCodes为生成的验证码的规则
code: '',
// 图片验证码
ideCode: '',
// 验证码规则
ideCodes: '3456789ABCDEFGHGKMNPQRSTUVWXY',
验证码生成和验证:请求登录接口之前先验证输入的验证码是否正确,验证通过请求登录接口
login() {
//验证二维码是否正确
if (this.code !==
this.ideCode.toLowerCase()) {
this.$message({
type: "error",
message: "验证码错误"
})
return;
}
//请求登录接口
},
// 切换验证码
refreshCode() {
this.ideCode = ''
this.makeCode(this.ideCodes, 4)
},
// 生成随机验证码
makeCode(o, l) {
for (let i = 0; i < l; i++) {
this.ideCode +=
this.ideCodes[Math.floor(Math.random() * (this.ideCodes.length))]
}
}
后端生成:后端生成在写法上要简单得多,但是,后端生成和验证时每次生成、刷新和验证都需要请求后端接口吗,效率比较低
private LineCaptcha lineCaptcha;//hutool的captcha包,包别导错
public void getCode(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
lineCaptcha = CaptchaUtil.createLineCaptcha(200, 100);
//图形验证码写出,可以写出到文件,也可写出到流
lineCaptcha.write(response.getOutputStream());
//输出code
Console.log(lineCaptcha.getCode());
response.getOutputStream().close();
}
验证时只需要lineCaptcha.verify()方法进行验证,输入的验证码作为lineCaptcha.verify()方法的入参,即可验证对错
前端代码:div包裹验证码输入框,用img标签显示验证码
<div style="float: left">
<el-form-item prop="gettext">
<el-input style="margin-bottom:3px;width: 150px" placeholder="请输入验证码" v-model="user.gettext"></el-input>
</el-form-item>
</div>
<img src="完整的url" style="margin-left:10px;width: 100px; height: 50px" onclick="this.src=this.src+'?'">
第二种方法写起来简单,但是这种写法不论是生成、刷新还是检验验证码对错都需要发送请求,最后登录时还要发送请求,太过占用资源,前端生成验证码时,只需要在登陆时发送请求,验证码的生成、刷新和验证都在前端完成,不需要发送请求,因此这里推荐使用第一种,不推荐第二种。
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
附:Identify.vue文件
<template>
<div class="s-canvas">
<canvas id="s-canvas" :width="contentWidth" :height="contentHeight"></canvas>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: 'Identify',
props: {
identifyCode: {
type: String,
default: '1234'
},
fontSizeMin: {
type: Number,
default: 28
},
fontSizeMax: {
type: Number,
default: 40
},
backgroundColorMin: {
type: Number,
default: 180
},
backgroundColorMax: {
type: Number,
default: 240
},
colorMin: {
type: Number,
default: 50
},
colorMax: {
type: Number,
default: 160
},
lineColorMin: {
type: Number,
default: 40
},
lineColorMax: {
type: Number,
default: 180
},
dotColorMin: {
type: Number,
default: 0
},
dotColorMax: {
type: Number,
default: 255
},
contentWidth: {
type: Number,
default: 112
},
contentHeight: {
type: Number,
default: 40
}
},
methods: {
// 生成一个随机数
randomNum (min, max) {
return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min) + min)
},
// 生成一个随机的颜色
randomColor (min, max) {
var r = this.randomNum(min, max)
var g = this.randomNum(min, max)
var b = this.randomNum(min, max)
return 'rgb(' + r + ',' + g + ',' + b + ')'
},
drawPic () {
var canvas = document.getElementById('s-canvas')
var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d')
ctx.textBaseline = 'bottom'
// 绘制背景
ctx.fillStyle = this.randomColor(
this.backgroundColorMin,
this.backgroundColorMax
)
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, this.contentWidth, this.contentHeight)
// 绘制文字
for (let i = 0; i < this.identifyCode.length; i++) {
this.drawText(ctx, this.identifyCode[i], i)
}
this.drawLine(ctx)
this.drawDot(ctx)
},
drawText (ctx, txt, i) {
ctx.fillStyle = this.randomColor(this.colorMin, this.colorMax)
ctx.font =
this.randomNum(this.fontSizeMin, this.fontSizeMax) + 'px SimHei'
var x = (i + 1) * (this.contentWidth / (this.identifyCode.length + 1))
var y = this.randomNum(this.fontSizeMax, this.contentHeight - 5)
var deg = this.randomNum(-30, 30)
// 修改坐标原点和旋转角度
ctx.translate(x, y)
ctx.rotate(deg * Math.PI / 270)
ctx.fillText(txt, 0, 0)
// 恢复坐标原点和旋转角度
ctx.rotate(-deg * Math.PI / 270)
ctx.translate(-x, -y)
},
drawLine (ctx) {
// 绘制干扰线
for (let i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
ctx.strokeStyle = this.randomColor(
this.lineColorMin,
this.lineColorMax
)
ctx.beginPath()
ctx.moveTo(
this.randomNum(0, this.contentWidth),
this.randomNum(0, this.contentHeight)
)
ctx.lineTo(
this.randomNum(0, this.contentWidth),
this.randomNum(0, this.contentHeight)
)
ctx.stroke()
}
},
drawDot (ctx) {
// 绘制干扰点
for (let i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
ctx.fillStyle = this.randomColor(0, 255)
ctx.beginPath()
ctx.arc(
this.randomNum(0, this.contentWidth),
this.randomNum(0, this.contentHeight),
1,
0,
2 * Math.PI
)
ctx.fill()
}
}
},
watch: {
identifyCode () {
this.drawPic()
}
},
mounted () {
this.drawPic()
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.s-canvas {
height: 38px;
}
.s-canvas canvas{
margin-top: 1px;
margin-left: 8px;
}
</style>