python 函数

定义函数

def greet_user():
#greet_user是函数名称
	print("Hello")
	#这个函数的功能，是打印Hello
greet_user()
#这里是直接引用这个函数

向函数传递信息

def greet_user(username):
#括号里的username可以是你输入的任何值，这个值赋值给username
	print(f"Hello,{username.title()}!)
greet_user('jesse')
#其中username是形参，jesse是实参

传递实参`
位置实参

def describe_pet(animal_type,pet_name)：
	print(f"\nI have a {animal_type}.")
	print(f"My{animal_type}'s name is {pet_name}")
describe_pet('hamster','harry')
#'hamster','harry'是实参，他们分别与animal_type,pet_name是一一对应的
describe_pet('dog','willie')
#这个就是再次调用了这个函数，只不过里面的实参变了

关键字实参

def describe_pet(animal_type,pet_name)：
	print(f"\nI have a {animal_type}.")
	print(f"My{animal_type}'s name is {pet_name}")
describe_pet(animal_type='hamster',pet_name='harry')
#使用这种形式就不需要在乎位置顺序了

默认值

def describe_pet(pet_name，animal_type='log')：
#这里的pet_type='dog'是默认值，调用这个函数时，如果没有定义pet_type的值，那么他就默认是该值

避免实参的错误

返回值`

def get_fomartted_name(first_name,last_name):
	full_name=f"{first_name}{last_name}"
	return full_name.title()
musician=get_formatted_name('jimi','hendrix')
#这里相当于把return的值赋值给了musician
print(musician)	

让实参变成可选的

def get_formatted_name(first_name,last_name,middle_name='')
	if middle_name:
		full_name=f"{first_name}{middle_name}{last_name}"
	else:
		full_name=f"{first_name}{last_name}"
	return full_name.title()
musician=get_formatted_name('jimi','hendrix')
print(musician)
musician=get_formatted_name('jion','hooker','lee')
print(musician)

返回字典

def build_person(first_name,last_name):
	person={'first':first_name,'last':last_name)
	return person
musician=build_person('jini','hendrix')
print(musician)

你可以扩展这个函数

def build_person(first_name,last_name,age=None):
	person={'first':first_name,'last':last_name}
	if age:
		person['age']=age
		#往person这个字典里添加这个'age'=age的键值对
	return person
musician=build_person('jimi','hendrix',age=27)
print(musician)

结合使用函数和while循环

def get_formatted_name(first_name,last_name):
	full_name=f"{first_name}{last_name}"
	return full_name.title()
while true:
	print(f"\n Please tell me your name")
	print(f"\n (enter 'q' at any time to quit)")
	
	f_name=input("Frist_name:")
	if f_name='q':
		break
	l_name=input("last_name:")
	if l_name='q':
		break
	formatted_name=get_formatted_name(f_name,l_name)
	print(formatted_name)
	

传递列表

def greet_users(names):
	for name in names:
	msg=f"Hello,{name.title}"
	print(msg)
usernames=['hannah','try','margot']
greet_users(usernames)

在函数中修改列表

def print_models(unprinted_designs,completed_models):
	while unprinted_designs:
		current_design=unprinted_designs.pop()
		print(f" Printing model:{current_design}")
		completed_models.append(current_design)

def show_completed_models(completed_models):
	print(f"The following models have been printed:")
	for completed_model in completed_models:
		print(completed_model)

unprinted_designs=['phone case','robot pendant','dodecahedron']
completed_models=[]

print_models(unprinted_designs,completed_models)
show_completed_models(completed_models)
		

禁止函数修改列表
这里就需要用原列表的副本
例如上面的unprinted_designs列表
副本表示为 unprinted_designs[:]

传递任意数量的实参

def make_pizza(*toppings):
#*toppings 是让python建一个名为toppings的空元组，并将收到的值全部封装在这个元组中
	print(toppings)

make_pizza('a')
make_pizza('a','b','c')

('a',)
('a','b','c')

结合使用位置实参和任意数量的实参

def make_pizza(size,*toppings):
#python会先匹配位置实参，关键字实参，再将剩下的实参集中收到最后一个形参中
	print(f"\nMaking a {size}-inch pizza with the following toppings:"}
	for topping in toppings:
		print(f"{topping}")

make_pizza(6,'a')
make_pizza(5,'a','b','c','d','f')

使用任意数量的关键字实参

def build_profile(first,last,**user_info):
#**user_info让python建立一个名为user_info的空字典
	user_info['first_name']=first
	uesr_info['last_name']=last
	return uesr_info
user_profile=build_profile('a','b',location='jin',field='physics')
#这里的location和field没有''
print(user_profile)