C++基于优先队列与vector容器的哈夫曼编码

先po个源码，明天再写解析
此版本健壮性一般，所有方法均未封装，请谨慎参考

coding过程中遇到的问题：
https://ask.csdn.net/questions/7965692?spm=1001.2014.3001.5505

哈夫曼编码译码程序主要分为四个部分：建树，建表，编码，译码
与基于数组的哈夫曼数组相比，通过使用优先队列省去了建树过程中的挑选最小节点的操作，

#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

struct HTree {
	int weight; char letter; string code;
	HTree* parent, * lchild, * rchild;

	HTree() {
		this->weight = 0;
		this->letter = '\0';
		this->code = "";
		this->parent = NULL;
		this->lchild = NULL;
		this->rchild = NULL;
	}
	HTree(int weight) {
		this->weight = weight;
		this->letter = '\0';
		this->code = "";
		this->parent = NULL;
		this->lchild = NULL;
		this->rchild = NULL;
	}
	HTree(int weight, char letter) {
		this->weight = weight;
		this->letter = letter;
		this->code = "";
		this->parent = NULL;
		this->lchild = NULL;
		this->rchild = NULL;
	}
};

//customization compare function
struct compare {
	bool operator() (const HTree* h1, const HTree* h2) {
		return h1->weight > h2->weight;
	}
};
//little out first

//create a priority_queue
priority_queue <HTree*, vector<HTree*>, compare> HT;
vector<HTree*> htree;
HTree* top = NULL;

bool isleafnode(HTree* node) {
	for (int u = 0; u < htree.size(); u++) {
		if (htree[u] == node) {
			return true;
		}
	}
	return false;
}

//traserve the priority_queue
void traserve() {
	while (!HT.empty()) {
		cout << HT.top()->letter << "\t" << HT.top()->weight << "\t" << endl;
		HT.pop();
	}
}

//create a HuffmanTree
void CreateTree(int number) {
	//input the nodes
	HTree* ht = NULL;
	for (int i = 1; i <= number; i++) {
		cout << "type the " << i << " node's weight and letter please\n\n";
		cout << "The letter of the node is: ";
		char letter; cin >> letter;
		cout << "The weight of the node is: ";
		int weight = 0; cin >> weight;
		cout << "\n\nThe letter is: " << letter << endl << "and the weight is: " << weight << endl;
		ht = new HTree(weight, letter);
		HT.push(ht);
		htree.push_back(ht);
		cout << "insert successful!\n\n";
	}
	cout << "The number of the vector's nodes is:" << htree.size() << endl;
	cout << "\nall the nodes are inserted" << endl;

	//create the HuffmanTree
	HTree* hd = NULL;
	HTree* hp = NULL;
	while (HT.size() != 1) {
		ht = HT.top(); HT.pop();
		hd = HT.top(); HT.pop();
		hp = new HTree(ht->weight + hd->weight);
		ht->parent = hp; hd->parent = hp;
		hp->lchild = ht; hp->rchild = hd;
		HT.push(hp);
	}
	top = HT.top();
	cout << HT.top()->weight << endl;
	cout << "the creatation is done." << endl;
}

//create the codetable
void CreateTable() {
	HTree* ht = NULL;
	HTree* hp = NULL;
	string code;
	for (int u = 0; u < htree.size(); u++) {
		code = "";
		ht = htree[u]; hp = ht->parent;
		while (hp != NULL) {
			if (hp->lchild == ht) { code = "0" + code; }
			else { code = "1" + code; }
			ht = ht->parent; hp = hp->parent;
		}
		ht = htree[u]; ht->code = code;
		cout << ht->letter << "\t" << ht->code << endl;
		hp = NULL;
	}
	cout << "the table creatation process is done." << endl;
	return;
}

//code
string Code(string str) {
	HTree* ht = NULL;
	string code = "";
	cout << "Code function open successfully" << endl;

	for (int u = 0; u < str.length(); u++) {
		for (int i = 0; i < htree.size(); i++) {
			ht = htree[i];
			if (ht->letter == str[u]) {
				code = code + ht->code;
				break;
			}
		}
	}
	cout << code << endl;
	cout << "code successfully!" << endl;
	return code;
}

//decode
string Decode(string str) {
	string decode = "";
	HTree* ht = NULL;
	cout << "decode open successful" << endl;
	ht = top;
	for (int u = 0; u < str.length(); u++) {
		if (isleafnode(ht)) {
			decode = decode + ht->letter;
			ht = top;
		}
		if (str[u] == '0') {
			ht = ht->lchild;
		}
		else {
			ht = ht->rchild;
		}
	}
	return decode;
}

//begin
void begin() {
	cout << "welcome to the HuffmanTree create system!" << endl;
	cout << "please operate under the guidance" << endl;
	cout << "How many Nodes do you want to create?  :";
	int number; cin >> number;
	cout << "OK,you wanna create " << number << " nodes" << endl;
	CreateTree(number); CreateTable();
	
	cout << "The string you wanna coding is：";
	string str = ""; cin >> str;
	cout << str << endl;
	str = Code(str); cout << str << endl;
	
	cout << "The string you wanna decoding is:" << endl;
	cin >> str; str = Decode(str); cout << str << endl;
	system("pause");
	return;
}

int main() {
	begin();
	return 0;
}