docker基础用法

最新推荐文章于 2021-12-29 12:47:20 发布

彭宇栋

最新推荐文章于 2021-12-29 12:47:20 发布

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分类专栏： Docker 文章标签： docker

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_49530779/article/details/121661667

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1. 什么是docker

docker中的容器：

lxc --> libcontainer --> runC

在这里插入图片描述

2. OCI&OCF

2.1 OCI

Open Container-initiative

由Linux基金会主导于2015年6月创立
旨在围绕容器格式和运行时制定一个开放的工业化标准
contains two specifications（包含两个规格）
- the Runtime Specification（runtime-spec）（运行时规范）
- the Image Specification（image-spec）（形象规范）

2.2 OCF

Open Container Format（打开容器格式）

runC is a CLI tool for spawning and running containers according to the OCI specification（runC是一个CLI工具，用于根据OCI规范生成和运行容器）

Containers are started as a child process of runC and can be embedded into various other systems without having to run a daemon（容器作为runC的子进程启动，可以嵌入到各种其他系统中，而不需要运行守护进程）
runC is built on libcontainer, the same container technology powering millions of Docker Engine installations（runC是基于libcontainer构建的，同样的容器技术为数百万的Docker引擎安装提供了动力）

docker提供了一个专门容纳容器镜像的站点：https://hub.docker.com/

3. docker架构

在这里插入图片描述

4. docker镜像与镜像仓库

为什么镜像仓库名字是Registry而不是repository？在docker中仓库的名字是以应用的名称取名的。
在这里插入图片描述
镜像是静态的，而容器是动态的，容器有其生命周期，镜像与容器的关系类似于程序与进程的关系。镜像类似于文件系统中的程序文件，而容器则类似于将一个程序运行起来的状态，也即进程。所以容器是可以删除的，容器被删除后其镜像是不会被删除的。

5. docker对象

When you use docker, you are creating and using images, containers, networks, volumes, pluginns, and other objects.（当您使用 docker 时，您正在创建和使用镜像、容器、网络、卷、插件和其他对象。）

IMAGES（镜像）
- An image is a read-only template with instructions for creating a docker container.（镜像是一个只读模板，其中包含创建 docker 容器的说明。）
- Often, an image is based on another image, with some additional customization.（通常，一个镜像基于另一个镜像，并带有一些额外的自定义。）
- You might create your own images or you might only use those created by others and published in a registry.（您可以创建自己的镜像，也可以使用其他人创建并在仓库中发布的镜像。）
CONTAINERS（容器）
- A conntainer is a runnable instance of an image.（容器是镜像的可运行实例。）
- You can create, run, stop, move, or delete a container using the docker API or CLI.（您可以使用 docker API 或 CLI 创建、运行、停止、移动或删除容器。）
- You can connect a container to one or more networks, attach storage to it, or even create a new image based on its current state.（您可以将容器连接到一个或多个网络，为其附加存储，甚至可以根据其当前状态创建新镜像。）

6. 安装及使用docker

6.1 docker安装

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# curl -o docker-ce.repo https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  1919  100  1919    0     0    470      0  0:00:04  0:00:04 --:--:--   470
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's@https://download.docker.com@https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce@g' docker-ce.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo  docker-ce.repo  redhat.repo
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install docker-ce

6.2 docker加速

docker-ce的配置文件是/etc/docker/daemon.json，此文件默认不存在，需要我们手动创建并进行配置，而docker的加速就是通过配置此文件来实现的。

docker的加速有多种方式：

docker cn
中国科技大学加速器
阿里云加速器（需要通过阿里云开发者平台注册帐号，免费使用个人私有的加速器）

阿里云加速器：https://www.aliyun.com/
在这里插入图片描述

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /etc/docker
[root@localhost ~]# cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
> {
>   "registry-mirrors": ["https://faq69nhk.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
> }
> EOF
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json 
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://faq69nhk.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now docker
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
[root@localhost ~]#

//显示整个系统的信息
[root@localhost ~]# docker info
Client:
 Context:    default
 Debug Mode: false
 Plugins:
  app: Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
  buildx: Build with BuildKit (Docker Inc., v0.6.3-docker)
  scan: Docker Scan (Docker Inc., v0.9.0)

Server:
 Containers: 0
  Running: 0
  Paused: 0
  Stopped: 0
 Images: 0
 Server Version: 20.10.11
 Storage Driver: overlay2
  Backing Filesystem: xfs
  Supports d_type: true
  Native Overlay Diff: true
  userxattr: false
 Logging Driver: json-file
 Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
 Cgroup Version: 1
 Plugins:
  Volume: local
  Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
  Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
 Swarm: inactive
 Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux runc
 Default Runtime: runc
 Init Binary: docker-init
 containerd version: 7b11cfaabd73bb80907dd23182b9347b4245eb5d
 runc version: v1.0.2-0-g52b36a2
 init version: de40ad0
 Security Options:
  seccomp
   Profile: default
 Kernel Version: 4.18.0-193.el8.x86_64
 Operating System: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.2 (Ootpa)
 OSType: linux
 Architecture: x86_64
 CPUs: 4
 Total Memory: 7.602GiB
 Name: localhost.localdomain
 ID: 5YGS:R5WZ:KE2O:WC6B:FAUM:HYTR:DLHL:RA5T:ZYHD:XSC4:CZ3L:VFAE
 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
 Debug Mode: false
 Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
 Labels:
 Experimental: false
 Insecure Registries:
  127.0.0.0/8
 Registry Mirrors:
  https://faq69nhk.mirror.aliyuncs.com/   //阿里云加速器
 Live Restore Enabled: false

[root@localhost ~]#

7. docker常用操作

命令	功能
docker search	在Docker Hub中搜索镜像
docker pull	从注册表中拉出映像或存储库
docker images	列出所有镜像
docker create	创建一个新的容器
docker start	启动一个或多个停止的容器
docker run	在新容器中运行命令
docker attach	附加到一个运行的容器
docker ps	列表正在运行的容器
docker ps -a	列出所有的容器
docker logs	获取容器的日志
docker restart	重启一个容器
docker stop	停止一个或多个运行中的容器
docker kill	杀死一个或多个运行中的容器
docker rm	删除一个或多个停止的容器
docker exec	在运行容器中运行命令
docker info	显示整个系统的信息
docker inspect	返回Docker对象的低级信息
docker version	查看Docker版本信息

7.1 docker常用操作示例

7.1.1 docker search

//在Docker Hub中搜索nginx镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker search nginx
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
nginx                             Official build of Nginx.                        15893     [OK]       
jwilder/nginx-proxy               Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con…   2098                 [OK]
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm           Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of…   819                  [OK]
jc21/nginx-proxy-manager          Docker container for managing Nginx proxy ho…   285                  
······

7.1.2 docker pull

//拉取镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
eff15d958d66: Pull complete 
1e5351450a59: Pull complete 
2df63e6ce2be: Pull complete 
9171c7ae368c: Pull complete 
020f975acd28: Pull complete 
266f639b35ad: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:097c3a0913d7e3a5b01b6c685a60c03632fc7a2b50bc8e35bcaa3691d788226e
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest
[root@localhost ~]#

7.1.3 docker images

//查看已安装的镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
nginx        latest    ea335eea17ab   2 weeks ago   141MB
[root@localhost ~]#

7.1.4 docker create

//创建一个容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker create nginx
03aa723b790c92036c29cc2225d5a9b5e3ea63ea495a59df48009a9c7d15421f
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
03aa723b790c   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   19 seconds ago   Created             naughty_bardeen
[root@localhost ~]#

7.1.5 docker start

//启动容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker start 03aa723b790c
03aa723b790c
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
03aa723b790c   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 minutes ago   Up 3 seconds   80/tcp    naughty_bardeen
[root@localhost ~]#

7.1.6 docker stop

//停止容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop 03aa723b790c
03aa723b790c
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@localhost ~]#

7.1.7 docker restart

//重启容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker restart 03aa723b790c
03aa723b790c
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
03aa723b790c   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   5 minutes ago   Up 5 seconds   80/tcp    naughty_bardeen
[root@localhost ~]#

7.1.8 docker kill

//杀死一个容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker kill 03aa723b790c
03aa723b790c
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@localhost ~]#

7.1.9 docker run

//运行一个容器
docker run [options] image [command]
options:
  -a stdin: 指定标准输入输出内容类型，可选stdin/stdout/stderr
  -d: 运行一个容器，在后台运行或者打印容器id
  -i: 以交互模式运行容器，通常与-t同时使用
  -t: 为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端
  -P: 随机端口映射，容器内部端口随机映射到主机的端口
  -p: 指定端口映射，例：宿主机端口:容器端口
  --name: 为容器指定一个名称
  --dns: 指定容器使用的DNS服务器
  -v: 绑定一个卷
  
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it nginx /bin/sh
# ls
bin   docker-entrypoint.d   home   media  proc	sbin  tmp
boot  docker-entrypoint.sh  lib    mnt	  root	srv   usr
dev   etc		    lib64  opt	  run	sys   var
# exit
[root@localhost ~]# 

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d httpd
Unable to find image 'httpd:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/httpd
eff15d958d66: Already exists 
ba1caf8ba86c: Pull complete 
ab86dc02235d: Pull complete 
0d58b11d2867: Pull complete 
e88da7cb925c: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:1d71eef54c08435c0be99877c408637f03112dc9f929fba3cccdd15896099b02
Status: Downloaded newer image for httpd:latest
d224c77a7e875f0696654592a45de6fc70ca4b8ad95fb17ce8cda8255a770087
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND              CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
d224c77a7e87   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   12 seconds ago   Up 11 seconds   80/tcp    awesome_swirles
[root@localhost ~]#

7.1.10 docker inspect

//获取一个容器的信息
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect d224c77a7e87 
[
    {
        "Id": "d224c77a7e875f0696654592a45de6fc70ca4b8ad95fb17ce8cda8255a770087",
        "Created": "2021-12-01T11:30:44.627107396Z",
        "Path": "httpd-foreground",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 4626,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-12-01T11:30:45.604888464Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:ad17c88403e2cedd27963b98be7f04bd3f903dfa7490586de397d0404424936d",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d224c77a7e875f0696654592a45de6fc70ca4b8ad95fb17ce8cda8255a770087/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d224c77a7e875f0696654592a45de6fc70ca4b8ad95fb17ce8cda8255a770087/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d224c77a7e875f0696654592a45de6fc70ca4b8ad95fb17ce8cda8255a770087/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d224c77a7e875f0696654592a45de6fc70ca4b8ad95fb17ce8cda8255a770087/d224c77a7e875f0696654592a45de6fc70ca4b8ad95fb17ce8cda8255a770087-json.log",
        "Name": "/awesome_swirles",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5832a07b782cf7272cee8a2a1ddb3582a1141afe780065b7c71905e0793160eb-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2ce6d18ceaf276ffd402767bd001187aa803d94b96d78e4349efa0caad71b9bd/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/14548a9bb2246684399b70ac59f04475ba35bf698a9a7c8edc0d0197fe360a5a/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f44ab05a147f8558a3c19a1a6d07d262d459daa72d4c03cb1ee68f4ec0dd0233/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/daf8a67763b43a5208b50ae739fe5643e9c79e06c31eb7f99a5b7bf9dfcb92aa/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/336ff9a30043fb7aee33f99a279338b48b50d47932d5bb5b6f07cfe486a12e4c/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5832a07b782cf7272cee8a2a1ddb3582a1141afe780065b7c71905e0793160eb/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5832a07b782cf7272cee8a2a1ddb3582a1141afe780065b7c71905e0793160eb/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5832a07b782cf7272cee8a2a1ddb3582a1141afe780065b7c71905e0793160eb/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "d224c77a7e87",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "80/tcp": {}
            },
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/apache2/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
                "HTTPD_PREFIX=/usr/local/apache2",
                "HTTPD_VERSION=2.4.51",
                "HTTPD_SHA256=20e01d81fecf077690a4439e3969a9b22a09a8d43c525356e863407741b838f4",
                "HTTPD_PATCHES="
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "httpd-foreground"
            ],
            "Image": "httpd",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "/usr/local/apache2",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {},
            "StopSignal": "SIGWINCH"
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "5227fd3086201b8a16b03ce6351138a079b9fd54f29e0dac47c63a56b07cc1cd",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {
                "80/tcp": null
            },
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/5227fd308620",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "f849b710e5b40813bb76e4e81e244ee152df63bf5b916b6fd1945a23dd33737f",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "b312a3b5fc7278bcbb9438e3acea83300e3d0edc6553d49e08c9a98fa9dc3d11",
                    "EndpointID": "f849b710e5b40813bb76e4e81e244ee152df63bf5b916b6fd1945a23dd33737f",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]
[root@localhost ~]# curl 172.17.0.2
<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
[root@localhost ~]#

7.1.11 docker logs

//查看一个容器的日志
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs d224c77a7e87 
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[Wed Dec 01 11:30:45.613770 2021] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 139883583319360] AH00489: Apache/2.4.51 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations
[Wed Dec 01 11:30:45.613999 2021] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 139883583319360] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd -D FOREGROUND'
172.17.0.1 - - [01/Dec/2021:11:33:15 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 45
[root@localhost ~]#

7.1.11 docker rm

//删除一个容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS                        PORTS     NAMES
d224c77a7e87   httpd     "httpd-foreground"       5 minutes ago    Up 5 minutes                  80/tcp    awesome_swirles
4b50a8610a3a   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   8 minutes ago    Exited (0) 8 minutes ago                intelligent_williams
ae51fe7c633f   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   9 minutes ago    Exited (127) 8 minutes ago              focused_elbakyan
98bfd6062ea9   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   9 minutes ago    Exited (130) 9 minutes ago              recursing_johnson
03aa723b790c   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   19 minutes ago   Exited (137) 12 minutes ago             naughty_bardeen
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm 4b50a8610a3a
4b50a8610a3a
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS                        PORTS     NAMES
d224c77a7e87   httpd     "httpd-foreground"       5 minutes ago    Up 5 minutes                  80/tcp    awesome_swirles
ae51fe7c633f   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   9 minutes ago    Exited (127) 9 minutes ago              focused_elbakyan
98bfd6062ea9   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   9 minutes ago    Exited (130) 9 minutes ago              recursing_johnson
03aa723b790c   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   19 minutes ago   Exited (137) 12 minutes ago             naughty_bardeen
[root@localhost ~]#

7.1.13 docker rm $(docker ps -aq)

//删除多个容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -aq
d224c77a7e87
ae51fe7c633f
98bfd6062ea9
03aa723b790c
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm $(docker ps -aq)
ae51fe7c633f
98bfd6062ea9
03aa723b790c
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container d224c77a7e875f0696654592a45de6fc70ca4b8ad95fb17ce8cda8255a770087. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND              CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
d224c77a7e87   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   7 minutes ago   Up 7 minutes   80/tcp    awesome_swirles
[root@localhost ~]#

7.1.14 docker attach

//连接到正在运行的容器上
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND              CREATED              STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
d5f81cac59be   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   About a minute ago   Up 13 seconds   80/tcp    bold_bassi
[root@localhost ~]# docker attach d5f81cac59be
^C[Wed Dec 01 11:42:07.244368 2021] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 139743543156032] AH00491: caught SIGTERM, shutting down
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@localhost ~]#

7.1.15 docker exec

//进入容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND              CREATED          STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
d224c77a7e87   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   15 minutes ago   Up 8 seconds   80/tcp    awesome_swirles
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it d224c77a7e87 /bin/bash
root@d224c77a7e87:/usr/local/apache2# ls
bin  build  cgi-bin  conf  error  htdocs  icons  include  logs	modules
root@d224c77a7e87:/usr/local/apache2# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND              CREATED          STATUS              PORTS     NAMES
d224c77a7e87   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   16 minutes ago   Up About a minute   80/tcp    awesome_swirles
[root@localhost ~]#