五.shell的执行流控制

一.for 循环

for 定义变量
do 使用变量，执行动作
done 结束标志

格式1：

  1 #!/bin/bash
  2 for NUM in `seq 1 2 10` ##从1到10循环，一次跳两个数
  3 do
  4   echo $NUM
  5 done

格式2：

  1 #!/bin/bash
  2 for NUM in 2 6 7 8 0
  3 do
  4  echo $NUM
  5 done

格式3：

  1 #!/bin/bash
  2 for NUM in {1..10}
  3 do
  4   echo $NUM
  5 done

格式4：

  1 #!/bin/bash
  2 for ((NUM=0;NUM<10;NUM++))
  3 do
  4   echo $NUM
  5 done

二.while

  1 #!/bin/bash
  2 while true  #条件为真
  3 do  #条件成立所作循环动作
  4   read -p "please input word:" WORD
  5   echo $WORD
  6 done

三.until

  1 #!/bin/bash
  2 until false  #条件为假
  3 do  #条件不成立所作循环动作
  4   read -p "please input word:" WORD
  5   echo $WORD
  6 done

四.if

if  #条件
then
##做的动作
elif  #条件
then
##做的动作
...
else
##做的动作
fi  #结束if

  1 #!/bin/bash
  2 if [ -z "$1" ]
  3 then
  4   echo error
  5 elif [ "$1" = "westos" ]
  6 then
  7   echo linux
  8 elif [ "$1" = "linux" ]
  9 then
 10   echo westos
 11 else
 12   echo unknow
 13 fi

脚本练习：

check_file.sh
please input filename: file
file is not exist
file is file
file is direcory
此脚本会一直询问直到用户输入exit为止

  1 #!/bin/bash
  2 while true
  3 do
  4   read -p "please input filename:" FILE
  5   if [ "$FILE" = "exit" ]
  6   then
  7     exit
  8   elif [ ! -e "$FILE" ]
  9   then
 10     echo $FILE is not exist!
 11   elif [ -f "$FILE" ]
 12   then
 13     echo $FILE is file
 14   elif [ -d "$FILE" ]
 15   then
 16     echo $FILE is directory
 17   else
 18     echo $FILE unknow
 19   fi
 20 done

五.case

case $1 in
	word1|WORD1)
	action1
	;;
	word2|WORD2)
	action2
	;;
	*)
	action3
esac

脚本练习

system_watch.sh disk memory upload (每秒显示)
disk 监控磁盘使用情况
memory 监控内存使用情况
upload 监控启动负载

  1 #!/bin/bash
  2 case $1 in
  3   disk|DISK)
  4   watch -n 1 "df -h"
  5   ;;
  6   memory|MEMORY)
  7   watch -n 1 "free -h"
  8   ;;
  9   upload|UPLOAD)
 10   watch -n 1 "uptime"
 11   ;;
 12   *)
 13   echo Error
 14 esac

六.expect

（一）问题脚本

vim /public/ask.sh
#!/bin/bash
read -p "what's your name:" NAME
read -p "How old are you: " AGE 
read -p "Which objective: " OBJ
read -p "Are you ok? " OK
echo $NAME is $AGE\'s old study $OBJ feel $OK

（二）应答脚本

dnf install expect.x86_64 -y

1.这样写的弊端也暴露出来了，因此

2.再优化，让回答也变成变量

vim /public/answer.exp
  1 #!/usr/bin/expect
  2 set NAME [ lindex $argv 0]
  3 set AGE  [ lindex $argv 1]
  4 set OBJ  [ lindex $argv 2]
  5 set OK   [ lindex $argv 3]
  6 set timeout 2
  7 spawn sh /public/ask.sh
  8 expect {
  9   "name:" { send "$NAME\r";exp_continue}
 10   "old" { send "$AGE\r";exp_continue}
 11   "objective" { send "$OBJ\r";exp_continue}
 12   "ok" { send "$OK\r"}
 13 }
 14 expect eof

3.也可以结合多行录入功能和函数调用，将问答脚本也写成.sh 结尾的

vim /public/answer.sh
  1 #!/bin/bash
  2 EXPECT()
  3 {
  4 /usr/bin/expect <<EOF
  5 spawn sh /public/ask.sh
  6 expect {
  7   "name:" { send "$1\r";exp_continue}
  8   "old" { send "$2\r";exp_continue}
  9   "objective" { send "$3\r";exp_continue}
 10   "ok" { send "$4\r"}
 11 }
 12 expect eof
 13 EOF
 14 }
 15 EXPECT $1 $2 $3 $4

批量处理脚本

检测1…10主机,并抓取所有主机的值机名称和ip的对应列表,把列表保存在/mnt/dns_list文件中

七.break,continue,exit

contiue ##终止当此次前循环提前进入下个循环

break ##终止当前所在语句所有动作进行语句外的其他动作

exit ##脚本退出