实验3_熟悉常用的HBase操作

一、实验目的

1. 理解HBase在Hadoop体系结构中的角色；
2. 熟练使用HBase操作常用的Shell命令；
3. 熟悉HBase操作常用的Java API。

二、实验平台

• 操作系统：
• Hadoop版本：3.2.2
• HBase版本：2.2.2
• JDK版本：1.8
• Java IDE：eclipse

三、实验内容和要求

1. 使用HBase Shell命令完成下列任务：

• 列出HBase所有的表的相关信息，例如表名；

list

• 在终端打印出指定的表的所有记录数据；

scan 'Student'

• 向已经创建好的表添加和删除指定的列族或列；

1. 添加

put 'Student','s000','S_Name','Huangkaiyu'

2. 删除

delete 'Student','s000','S_Name'

• 清空指定的表的所有记录数据；

truncate 'Student'

• 统计表的行数。

count 'Student'

2.现有以下关系型数据库中的表和数据，要求将其转换为适合于HBase存储的表并插入数据：
学生表（Student）

学号（S_No）	姓名（S_Name）	性别（S_Sex）	年龄（S_Age）
2015001	Zhangsan	male	23
2015002	Mary	female	22
2015003	Lisi	male	24

---

create 'Student','S_No','S_Name','S_Sex','S_Age'
put 'Student','s001','S_No','2015001'
put 'Student','s001','S_Name','Zhangsan'
put 'Student','s001','S_Sex','male'
put 'Student','s001','S_Age','23'
put 'Student','s002','S_No','2015002'
put 'Student','s002','S_Name','Mary'
put 'Student','s002','S_Sex','female'
put 'Student','s002','S_Age','22'
put 'Student','s003','S_No','2015003'
put 'Student','s003','S_Name','Lisi'
put 'Student','s003','S_Sex','male'
put 'Student','s003','S_Age','24'

课程表（Course）

课程号（C_No）	课程名（C_Name）	学分（C_Credit）
123001	Math	2.0
123002	Computer Science	5.0
123003	English	3.0

---

create 'Course','C_No','C_Name','C_Credit'
put 'Course','c001','C_No','123001'
put 'Course','c001','C_Name','Math'
put 'Course','c001','C_Credit','2.0'
put 'Course','c002','C_No','123002'
put 'Course','c002','C_Name','Computer'
put 'Course','c002','C_Credit','5.0'
put 'Course','c003','C_No','123003'
put 'Course','c003','C_Name','English'
put 'Course','c003','C_Credit','3.0'

选课表（SC）

学号（SC_No）	课程号（SC_Cno）	成绩（SC_Score）
2015001	123001	86
2015001	123003	69
2015002	123002	77
2015002	123003	99
2015003	123001	98
2015003	123002	95

---

put 'SC','sc001','SC_Sno','2015001'
put 'SC','sc001','SC_Cno','123001'
put 'SC','sc001','SC_Score','86'
put 'SC','sc002','SC_Sno','2015001'
put 'SC','sc002','SC_Cno','123003'
put 'SC','sc002','SC_Score','69'
put 'SC','sc003','SC_Sno','2015002'
put 'SC','sc003','SC_Cno','123002'
put 'SC','sc003','SC_Score','77'
put 'SC','sc004','SC_Sno','2015002'
put 'SC','sc004','SC_Cno','123003'
put 'SC','sc004','SC_Score','99'
put 'SC','sc005','SC_Sno','2015003'
put 'SC','sc005','SC_Cno','123001'
put 'SC','sc005','SC_Score','98'
put 'SC','sc006','SC_Sno','2015003'
put 'SC','sc006','SC_Cno','123002'
put 'SC','sc006','SC_Score','95'

同时，请编程完成以下指定功能：

• createTable(String tableName, String[] fields)： 创建表，参数tableName为表的名称，字符串数组fields为存储记录各个域名称的数组。要求当HBase已经存在名为tableName的表的时候，先删除原有的表，然后再创建新的表。
  
  建立person表，代码如下：

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HColumnDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HTableDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Admin;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Connection;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ConnectionFactory;

import java.io.IOException;

public class CreateTable {
    public static Configuration configuration;
    public static Connection connection;
    public static Admin admin;

    public static void createTable(String tableName, String[] fields) throws IOException {
        init();
        TableName tablename = TableName.valueOf(tableName);
        if (admin.tableExists(tablename)) {
            System.out.println("table is exists!");
            admin.disableTable(tablename);
            admin.deleteTable(tablename);
        }
        HTableDescriptor hTableDescriptor = new HTableDescriptor(tablename);
        for (String str : fields) {
            HColumnDescriptor hColumnDescriptor = new HColumnDescriptor(str);
            hTableDescriptor.addFamily(hColumnDescriptor);
        }
        admin.createTable(hTableDescriptor);
        close();
    }

    public static void init() {
        configuration = HBaseConfiguration.create();
        configuration.set("hbase.rootdir", "hdfs://localhost:9000/hbase");
        try {
            connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(configuration);
            admin = connection.getAdmin();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void close() {
        try {
            if (admin != null) {
                admin.close();
            }
            if (null != connection) {
                connection.close();
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String[] fields = {"Score"};
        try {
            createTable("person", fields);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

• addRecord(String tableName, String row, String[] fields, String[] values)： 向表tableName、行row（用S_Name表示）和字符串数组files指定的单元格中添加对应的数据values。其中fields中每个元素如果对应的列族下还有相应的列限定符的话，用"columnFamily:column"表示。例如，同时向"Math"、“Computer Science”、"English"三列添加成绩时，字符串数组fields为{“Score:Math”, “Score: Computer Science”, “Score:English”}，数组values存储这三门课的成绩。
  
  增加Score记录，代码如下：

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.*;

import java.io.IOException;

public class AddRecord {
    public static Configuration configuration;
    public static Connection connection;
    public static Admin admin;

    public static void addRecord(String tableName, String row, String[] fields, String[] values) throws IOException {
        init();
        Table table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName));
        for (int i = 0; i != fields.length; i++) {
            Put put = new Put(row.getBytes());
            String[] cols = fields[i].split(":");
            put.addColumn(cols[0].getBytes(), cols[1].getBytes(), values[i].getBytes());
            table.put(put);
        }
        table.close();
        close();
    }

    public static void init() {
        configuration = HBaseConfiguration.create();
        configuration.set("hbase.rootdir", "hdfs://localhost:9000/hbase");
        try {
            connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(configuration);
            admin = connection.getAdmin();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void close() {
        try {
            if (admin != null) {
                admin.close();
            }
            if (null != connection) {
                connection.close();
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String[] fields = {"Score:Math", "Score:Computer Science", "Score:English"};
        String[] values = {"99", "80", "100"};
        try {
            addRecord("person", "Score", fields, values);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

• scanColumn(String tableName, String column)： 浏览表tableName某一列的数据，如果某一行记录中该列数据不存在，则返回null。要求当参数column为某一列族名称时，如果底下有若干个列限定符，则要列出每个列限定符代表的列的数据；当参数column为某一列具体名称（例如"Score:Math"）时，只需要列出该列的数据。
  
  记录输出到终端，代码如下

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.Cell;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.CellUtil;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.*;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;

import java.io.IOException;

public class ScanColumn {
    public static Configuration configuration;
    public static Connection connection;
    public static Admin admin;

    public static void scanColumn(String tableName, String column) throws IOException {
        init();
        Table table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName));
        Scan scan = new Scan();
        scan.addFamily(Bytes.toBytes(column));
        ResultScanner scanner = table.getScanner(scan);
        for (Result result = scanner.next(); result != null; result = scanner.next()) {
            showCell(result);
        }
        table.close();
        close();
    }

    public static void showCell(Result result) {
        Cell[] cells = result.rawCells();
        for (Cell cell : cells) {
            System.out.println("RowName:" + new String(CellUtil.cloneRow(cell)) + " ");
            System.out.println("Timetamp:" + cell.getTimestamp() + " ");
            System.out.println("column Family:" + new String(CellUtil.cloneFamily(cell)) + " ");
            System.out.println("row Name:" + new String(CellUtil.cloneQualifier(cell)) + " ");
            System.out.println("value:" + new String(CellUtil.cloneValue(cell)) + " ");
        }
    }

    public static void init() {
        configuration = HBaseConfiguration.create();
        configuration.set("hbase.rootdir", "hdfs://localhost:9000/hbase");
        try {
            connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(configuration);
            admin = connection.getAdmin();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    // 关闭连接
    public static void close() {
        try {
            if (admin != null) {
                admin.close();
            }
            if (null != connection) {
                connection.close();
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            scanColumn("person", "Score");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

• modifyData(String tableName, String row, String column)： 修改表tableName，行row（可以用学生姓名S_Name表示），列column指定的单元格的数据。
  

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.Cell;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.*;

import java.io.IOException;

public class ModifyData {

    public static long ts;
    public static Configuration configuration;
    public static Connection connection;
    public static Admin admin;

    public static void modifyData(String tableName, String row, String column, String val) throws IOException {
        init();
        Table table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName));
        Put put = new Put(row.getBytes());
        Scan scan = new Scan();
        ResultScanner resultScanner = table.getScanner(scan);
        for (Result r : resultScanner) {
            for (Cell cell : r.getColumnCells(row.getBytes(), column.getBytes())) {
                ts = cell.getTimestamp();
            }
        }
        put.addColumn(row.getBytes(), column.getBytes(), ts, val.getBytes());
        table.put(put);
        table.close();
        close();
    }

    public static void init() {
        configuration = HBaseConfiguration.create();
        configuration.set("hbase.rootdir", "hdfs://localhost:9000/hbase");
        try {
            connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(configuration);
            admin = connection.getAdmin();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void close() {
        try {
            if (admin != null) {
                admin.close();
            }
            if (null != connection) {
                connection.close();
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            modifyData("person", "Score", "Math", "100");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

• deleteRow(String tableName, String row)： 删除表tableName中row指定的行的记录。
  

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.Cell;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.*;

import java.io.IOException;

public class ModifyData {

    public static long ts;
    public static Configuration configuration;
    public static Connection connection;
    public static Admin admin;

    public static void modifyData(String tableName, String row, String column, String val) throws IOException {
        init();
        Table table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName));
        Put put = new Put(row.getBytes());
        Scan scan = new Scan();
        ResultScanner resultScanner = table.getScanner(scan);
        for (Result r : resultScanner) {
            for (Cell cell : r.getColumnCells(row.getBytes(), column.getBytes())) {
                ts = cell.getTimestamp();
            }
        }
        put.addColumn(row.getBytes(), column.getBytes(), ts, val.getBytes());
        table.put(put);
        table.close();
        close();
    }

    public static void init() {
        configuration = HBaseConfiguration.create();
        configuration.set("hbase.rootdir", "hdfs://localhost:9000/hbase");
        try {
            connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(configuration);
            admin = connection.getAdmin();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void close() {
        try {
            if (admin != null) {
                admin.close();
            }
            if (null != connection) {
                connection.close();
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            modifyData("person", "Score", "Math", "100");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}