Netty实现Http服务器案例

原创文章:Netty实现Http服务器案例 – 编程屋

功能:

Netty服务器在6668端口监听,浏览器发出请求"http://localhost:6668"

服务器可以恢复消息给浏览器:“hello,我是服务器”,并对特定请求资源进行过滤

目的:

Netty可以做服务器端开发,并且理解handle实例和客户端及其请求的关系.

服务端代码(Server):


package com.liubujun.netty.http;


import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;

import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;

/**
 * @Author: liubujun
 * @Date: 2023/2/11 15:06
 */


public class TestServer {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{

        NioEventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        NioEventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();

        try {
            //创建服务器端的启动对象,配置参数
            ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();

            serverBootstrap.group(bossGroup,workerGroup)//设置两个线程组
                    .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) //使用nioSocketChannel作为服务器的通道实现
                    .childHandler(new TestServerInitalizer());

            //绑定一个端口并且同步,生成了一个ChannelFuture对象
            //启动服务器(并绑定端口)
            ChannelFuture cf = serverBootstrap.bind(8080).sync();
            //对关联通道进行监听
            cf.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        }finally {
            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }
}

ServerInitalizer:


public class TestServerInitalizer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {


    @Override
    protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
        //向管道加入处理器

        //得到管道
        ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();

        //加入一个netty 提供的HttpServerCodec
        //1.HttpServerCodec是netty提供的处理http的编-解码器
        pipeline.addLast("MyHttpServerCodec",new HttpServerCodec());
        //2.增加一个自定义的handler
        pipeline.addLast("MyTestHttpServerHandler",new TestHttpServerHandler());


    }
}

HttpServerHandler:


package com.liubujun.netty.http;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.*;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;

/**
 * @Author: liubujun
 * @Date: 2023/2/11 15:07
 */

/**
 * 说明:
 * 1. SimpleChannelInboundHandler 是 ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter
 * 2 HttpObject客户端和服务端相互通讯的数据被封装成HttpObject
 */
public class TestHttpServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<HttpObject> {


    //channelRead0 读取客户端数据
    @Override
    protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, HttpObject msg) throws Exception {

        //判断msg是不是httpRequest请求
        if (msg != null){
            System.out.println("msg 类型="+msg.getClass());
            System.out.println("客户端地址"+ctx.channel().remoteAddress());

            //回复信息给浏览器
            ByteBuf content = Unpooled.copiedBuffer("hello,我是服务器", CharsetUtil.UTF_8);

            //构造一个http响应,即httpresponse
            DefaultFullHttpResponse response =
                    new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpResponseStatus.OK, content);

            response.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_TYPE,"text/plain");
            response.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_LENGTH,content.readableBytes());

            //将构建好的response返回
            ctx.writeAndFlush(response);


        }
    }
}

启动服务端,浏览器输入:http://localhost:8080/,得到服务端响应数据

但是服务端控制台却输出了如下请求:

我们只请求了一次,但是浏览器却发出了2次请求,并且对这两个请求都做了响应。

那么如何对这个网站图标进行过滤,使服务器对其不做响应呢?

可以在我们的服务端Handle加上如下代码:


            HttpRequest httpRequest = (HttpRequest)msg;
            URI uri = new URI(httpRequest.uri());
            if ("/favicon.ico".equals(uri.getPath())){
                System.out.println("请求了favicon.ico,不做响应");
                return;
            }

完整版HttpServerHandler代码如下:


package com.liubujun.netty.http;

import com.sun.jndi.toolkit.url.Uri;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.*;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;

import java.net.URI;

/**
 * @Author: liubujun
 * @Date: 2023/2/11 15:07
 */

/**
 * 说明:
 * 1. SimpleChannelInboundHandler 是 ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter
 * 2 HttpObject客户端和服务端相互通讯的数据被封装成HttpObject
 */
public class TestHttpServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<HttpObject> {


    //channelRead0 读取客户端数据
    @Override
    protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, HttpObject msg) throws Exception {

        //判断msg是不是httpRequest请求
        if (msg != null){


            System.out.println("msg 类型="+msg.getClass());
            System.out.println("客户端地址"+ctx.channel().remoteAddress());

            HttpRequest httpRequest = (HttpRequest)msg;
            URI uri = new URI(httpRequest.uri());
            if ("/favicon.ico".equals(uri.getPath())){
                System.out.println("请求了favicon.ico,不做响应");
                return;
            }

            //回复信息给浏览器
            ByteBuf content = Unpooled.copiedBuffer("hello,我是服务器", CharsetUtil.UTF_16);

            //构造一个http响应,即httpresponse
            DefaultFullHttpResponse response =
                    new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpResponseStatus.OK, content);

            response.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_TYPE,"text/plain");
            response.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_LENGTH,content.readableBytes());

            //将构建好的response返回
            ctx.writeAndFlush(response);


        }
    }
}

以上只是部分内容,为了维护方便,本文已迁移到新地址:Netty实现Http服务器案例 – 编程屋

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Netty是一款基于NIO的网络编程框架,提供了高效、稳定、灵活的网络编程能力。使用Netty实现代理服务器可以简化开发过程,提高性能和可维护性。 以下是使用Netty实现代理服务器的示例代码: ``` import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap; import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf; import io.netty.channel.*; import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel; import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel; import io.netty.handler.codec.http.*; import io.netty.handler.logging.LogLevel; import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler; import io.netty.handler.stream.ChunkedWriteHandler; public class ProxyServer { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try { Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap(); bootstrap.group(workerGroup) .channel(NioSocketChannel.class) .handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO)) .option(ChannelOption.AUTO_READ, false) .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { @Override protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpClientCodec()); ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(65536)); ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChunkedWriteHandler()); ch.pipeline().addLast(new ProxyServerHandler()); } }); ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.connect("www.example.com", 80).sync(); future.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } finally { workerGroup.shutdownGracefully(); } } private static class ProxyServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter { private Channel remoteChannel; @Override public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { remoteChannel = ctx.channel(); ctx.read(); } @Override public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception { if (msg instanceof HttpRequest) { HttpRequest request = (HttpRequest) msg; String host = request.headers().get("Host"); ChannelFuture future = new Bootstrap() .group(ctx.channel().eventLoop()) .channel(ctx.channel().getClass()) .handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO)) .option(ChannelOption.AUTO_READ, false) .option(ChannelOption.CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, 10000) .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { @Override protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpResponseDecoder()); ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(65536)); ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChunkedWriteHandler()); ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() { @Override public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { ctx.writeAndFlush(request); ctx.read(); } @Override public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception { if (msg instanceof HttpResponse) { HttpResponse response = (HttpResponse) msg; response.headers().remove("Transfer-Encoding"); response.headers().remove("Content-Length"); remoteChannel.writeAndFlush(response); remoteChannel.writeAndFlush(new ChunkedNioStream((ByteBuf) msg)); } else if (msg instanceof HttpContent) { remoteChannel.writeAndFlush(new ChunkedNioStream((ByteBuf) msg)); if (msg instanceof LastHttpContent) { remoteChannel.writeAndFlush(LastHttpContent.EMPTY_LAST_CONTENT) .addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE); } } } @Override public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { remoteChannel.writeAndFlush(LastHttpContent.EMPTY_LAST_CONTENT) .addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE); } @Override public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception { cause.printStackTrace(); remoteChannel.writeAndFlush(LastHttpContent.EMPTY_LAST_CONTENT) .addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE); } }); } }) .connect(host, 80); remoteChannel.config().setAutoRead(false); future.addListener((ChannelFutureListener) future1 -> { if (future1.isSuccess()) { remoteChannel.config().setAutoRead(true); ctx.channel().config().setAutoRead(true); } else { remoteChannel.writeAndFlush(LastHttpContent.EMPTY_LAST_CONTENT) .addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE); ctx.writeAndFlush(LastHttpContent.EMPTY_LAST_CONTENT) .addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE); } }); } else if (msg instanceof HttpContent) { remoteChannel.writeAndFlush(new ChunkedNioStream((ByteBuf) msg)); if (msg instanceof LastHttpContent) { remoteChannel.writeAndFlush(LastHttpContent.EMPTY_LAST_CONTENT); } } } @Override public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { if (remoteChannel != null) { remoteChannel.writeAndFlush(LastHttpContent.EMPTY_LAST_CONTENT) .addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE); } } @Override public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception { cause.printStackTrace(); if (remoteChannel != null) { remoteChannel.writeAndFlush(LastHttpContent.EMPTY_LAST_CONTENT) .addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE); } ctx.close(); } } } ``` 以上代码中,代理服务器连接到目标服务器的IP地址和端口号是硬编码的,你需要根据实际情况进行修改。在启动代理服务器之后,当客户端发送HTTP请求时,会在一个新的线程中处理请求,解析请求并连接到目标服务器,将请求转发给目标服务器。接收到目标服务器的响应后,将响应转发给客户端。

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