QML中使用CPP类

1、第一种方法，通过 setContextProperty 直接将一个对象实例绑定到一个全局可访问的属性名上，这使得它在所有 QML 文件中都可以直接通过给定的属性名访问。

#include"myobject.h"

#include <QGuiApplication>
#include <QQmlApplicationEngine>
#include <QQmlContext>
#include <QScreen>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QGuiApplication app(argc, argv);

    QQmlApplicationEngine engine;
    engine.rootContext()->setContextProperty("MyObject", MyObject::getInstance());

    QObject::connect(
        &engine,
        &QQmlApplicationEngine::objectCreationFailed,
        &app,
        []() { QCoreApplication::exit(-1); },
        Qt::QueuedConnection);
    engine.loadFromModule("updatePublisher", "Main");

    return app.exec();
}

在Main.qml中直接使用

import QtQuick
import QtQuick.Controls

Window {
    id: window
    width: MyObject.iValue    //iValue为访问私有变量iValue的public函数
    height: 480
    visible: true
    title: qsTr("Hello World")
}

2、通过 qmlRegisterSingletonType，在 QML 系统中注册了一个 C++ 类型。这个类在 QML 中以模块的形式出现，可以像使用 QML 的其他类型那样使用它。（也可以用qmlRegisterSingletonInstance，这样就不需要改实例化函数的参数）

#ifndef MYOBJECT_H
#define MYOBJECT_H

#include <QObject>
#include <QtQml>

class MyObject : public QObject
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    explicit MyObject(QObject *parent = nullptr);

    //修改单例函数，很重要
    static MyObject *getInstance(QQmlEngine *engine, QJSEngine *scriptEngine);

    int iValue() const;
    void setIValue(int newIValue);

    QString sString() const;
    void setSString(const QString &newSString);

signals:

    void iValueChanged();

    void sStringChanged();

private:
    int m_iValue = 200;
    QString m_sString = " ";
    Q_PROPERTY(int iValue READ iValue WRITE setIValue NOTIFY iValueChanged FINAL)
    Q_PROPERTY(QString sString READ sString WRITE setSString NOTIFY sStringChanged FINAL)
};

#endif // MYOBJECT_H

#include "myobject.h"

MyObject::MyObject(QObject *parent)
    : QObject{parent}
{}

MyObject *MyObject::getInstance(QQmlEngine *engine, QJSEngine *scriptEngine)
{
    Q_UNUSED(engine)
    Q_UNUSED(scriptEngine)
    static MyObject *instance = new MyObject();
    return instance;
}

int MyObject::iValue() const
{
    return m_iValue;
}

void MyObject::setIValue(int newIValue)
{
    if (m_iValue == newIValue)
        return;
    m_iValue = newIValue;
    emit iValueChanged();
}

QString MyObject::sString() const
{
    return m_sString;
}

void MyObject::setSString(const QString &newSString)
{
    if (m_sString == newSString)
        return;
    m_sString = newSString;
    emit sStringChanged();
}

#include"myobject.h"

#include <QGuiApplication>
#include <QQmlApplicationEngine>
#include <QQmlContext>
#include <QScreen>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QGuiApplication app(argc, argv);

    QQmlApplicationEngine engine;
    qmlRegisterSingletonType<MyObject>("MyObt", 1, 0, "MyObject", MyObject::getInstance);

    QObject::connect(
        &engine,
        &QQmlApplicationEngine::objectCreationFailed,
        &app,
        []() { QCoreApplication::exit(-1); },
        Qt::QueuedConnection);
    engine.loadFromModule("updatePublisher", "Main");

    return app.exec();
}

最后在qml文件中导入

import QtQuick
import QtQuick.Controls
import MyObt 1.0

Window {
    id: window
    width: MyObject.iValue
    height: MyObject.iValue
    visible: true
    title: qsTr("Hello World")
}

3、整个过程没有使用到 QML_ELEMENT宏

和

qt6_add_qml_module(myapp
   URI com.mycompany.qmlcomponents
   VERSION 1.0
 )，这两者大部分应用于创建了一个 QML 模块，使其在多个项目或多个组件之间共享时，暂且没有遇到，遇到时再补充

4、qmlRegisterSingletonType与qmlRegisterType的区别

qmlRegisterSingletonType适用于访问自定义类中的成员函数/变量

qmlRegisterType可以支持你创建一个Component