SpringData JPA的使用案例 基本操作1 （二）

目录

一、导入依赖

二、配置yml

三、创建实体类

四、数据操作层

五、启动类

六、测试类

---

一、导入依赖

 <!--jpa依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--hibernate对jpa的依赖包-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--Mysql and MariaDB-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>${mysql.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--连接池-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.11</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--测试类依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--junit4-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>${junit.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

二、配置yml

spring:
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://my-server:3306/test
    username: root
    password: XXX
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
  #jpa的正向工程
  jpa:
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: update
    #显示sql
    show-sql: true

三、创建实体类

之前讲过JPA支持通过类来操作表，hibernate底层会自动生成对应的表

package com.dragonwu.entity;


import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

/**
 * @author DragonWu
 * @date 2022-09-20 11:17
 **/
@Entity //作为hibernate的实体类
@Table(name="tb_customer")//映射的表名
public class Customer {

    /**
     * @Id 主键声明
     * @GeneratedValue: 配置主键的生成策略
     *      strategy
     *          GenerationType.IDENTITY: 自增，mysql
     *              *底层数据库必须支持自动增长
     *          GenerationType.SEQUENCE: 序列oracle
     *              *底层数据库必须支持序列
     *          GenerationType.TABLE: jpa提供的一种机制，通过一张数据库表的形式帮助我们完成主键
     *          GenerationType.AUTO: 由程序自动地帮助我们选择主键生成策略
     * @Cloumn 配置属性和表字段的映射关系
     *      name: 数据库表中字段的名称
     */
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @Column(name="id",length = 20)
    private Long id;

    @Column(name="cus_name",columnDefinition = "varchar(32) default null comment '客户名'")
    private String name;//客户名

    @Column(name="cus_address",length = 200)
    private String address;//客户地址

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Customer{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", address='" + address + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

四、数据操作层

package com.dragonwu.repositories;

import com.dragonwu.entity.Customer;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Modifying;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;
import org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository;
import org.springframework.data.repository.PagingAndSortingRepository;
import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param;

import javax.transaction.Transactional;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author DragonWu
 * @date 2022-09-21 10:33
 **/
/**
 * 参数一 T :当前需要映射的实体
 * 参数二 ID :当前映射的实体中的OID的类型
 * PagingAndSortingRepository 继承后可以调研分页接口
 */
public interface CustomerRepository extends CrudRepository<Customer,Long>, PagingAndSortingRepository<Customer,Long> {

    //自定义查询,基于实体类的查询jpql
    @Query("From Customer where name=?1")
    List<Customer> findCustomerByName(String name);

    @Query("From Customer where address=:address")
    List<Customer> findCustomerByAddress(@Param("address") String address);

    //修改
    @Transactional  //实际开发中这个注解要写到业务逻辑层
    @Modifying  //通知springdatajpa 是增删改的操作
    @Query("update Customer c set c.name=:name where c.id=:id")
    int updateCustomer(@Param("name") String name,@Param("id") Long id);

    //删除
    @Transactional //实际开发中这个注解要写到业务逻辑层
    @Modifying  //通知springdatjpa 是增删改的操作
    @Query("delete from Customer c where c.id=?1")
    int deleteByIdM(long id);

    //新增,jpa默认不支持插入的，这里是伪插入
    @Transactional //实际开发中这个注解要写到业务逻辑层
    @Modifying  //通知springdatjpa 是增删改的操作
    @Query("insert into Customer(name) select c.name from Customer c where c.id=?1")
    int insertCustomerBySelect(Long id);


    //原生sql查询,只需要设置nativeQuery属性为true即可
    @Query(value="select  * from tb_customer where cus_name=:name",nativeQuery=true)
    List<Customer> findCustomerByNameSQL(@Param("name") String name);
}

这里我添加了一些自定义的jpql和sql查询的案例，当然在继承CrudRepository接口以后已经可以使用大量同样方法，在继续继承RagingAndSortingRepository后便可调用分页查询的接口。

五、启动类

package com.dragonwu;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

/**
 * @author DragonWu
 * @date 2022-09-21 10:35
 **/
@SpringBootApplication
public class App {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(App.class,args);
    }
}

六、测试类

package com.dragonwu;

import com.dragonwu.entity.Customer;
import com.dragonwu.repositories.CustomerRepository;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import java.util.Optional;

/**
 * @author DragonWu
 * @date 2022-09-21 12:49
 **/
@SpringBootTest(classes = App.class)
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class SpringDataJPATest {
    @Autowired
    private CustomerRepository customerRepository;

    @Test
    public void testR() {
        Optional<Customer> byId = customerRepository.findById(12L);
        System.out.println(byId.get());
    }

    @Test
    public void testC() {
        Customer customer = new Customer();
        customer.setName("DragonWu");

        customerRepository.save(customer);
    }

    @Test
    //分页查询
    public void testPage() {
//        Sort sort = Sort.by("id").descending();
//        Page<Customer> all = customerRepository.findAll(PageRequest.of(0, 2, sort));
        Page<Customer> all = customerRepository.findAll(PageRequest.of(0, 2));
        System.out.println("总页数：" + all.getTotalPages());
        System.out.println("总数量：" + all.getTotalElements());
        System.out.println(all.getContent());
    }

    @Test
    public void testSort() {
        Sort sort = Sort.by("id").descending();
        Iterable<Customer> all = customerRepository.findAll(sort);
        System.out.println(all);
    }

    @Test
    //字段安全模式排序
    public void testSortTypeSafe(){
        Sort.TypedSort<Customer> sortType=Sort.sort(Customer.class);
        Sort sort= sortType.by(Customer::getId).descending();

        Iterable<Customer> all = customerRepository.findAll(sort);
        System.out.println(all);

    }
}

更多方法可以直接看继承接口源码

参考文档：SpringBoot整合SpringDataJPA_我见青山多抚媚的博客-CSDN博客_springboot集成jpa