题目
给你一个类:
public class Foo { public void first() { print("first"); } public void second() { print("second"); } public void third() { print("third"); } }三个不同的线程 A、B、C 将会共用一个
Foo
实例。
- 线程 A 将会调用
first()
方法- 线程 B 将会调用
second()
方法- 线程 C 将会调用
third()
方法请设计修改程序,以确保
second()
方法在first()
方法之后被执行,third()
方法在second()
方法之后被执行。提示:
- 尽管输入中的数字似乎暗示了顺序,但是我们并不保证线程在操作系统中的调度顺序。
- 你看到的输入格式主要是为了确保测试的全面性。
解法一
先声明两个AtomicInteger变量并初始化为0,使用他来控制first()和second(),second() 和third()之间的顺序关系。
在进入second和third方法时,提前进入循环去检验变量是否被增加为1,如果是,则进入方法,否则空转。
class Foo {
private AtomicInteger firstJobDone = new AtomicInteger(0);
private AtomicInteger secondJobDone = new AtomicInteger(0);
public Foo() {}
public void first(Runnable printFirst) throws InterruptedException {
// printFirst.run() outputs "first".
printFirst.run();
// mark the first job as done, by increasing its count.
firstJobDone.incrementAndGet();
}
public void second(Runnable printSecond) throws InterruptedException {
while (firstJobDone.get() != 1) {
// waiting for the first job to be done.
}
// printSecond.run() outputs "second".
printSecond.run();
// mark the second as done, by increasing its count.
secondJobDone.incrementAndGet();
}
public void third(Runnable printThird) throws InterruptedException {
while (secondJobDone.get() != 1) {
// waiting for the second job to be done.
}
// printThird.run() outputs "third".
printThird.run();
}
}
方法二
CountDownLatch(int count); //构造方法,创建一个值为count 的计数器。
//阻塞当前线程,将当前线程加入阻塞队列。
//当计数器的值变为0时,在CountDownLatch上await()的线程就会被唤醒
await();
await(long timeout, TimeUnit unit);//在timeout的时间之内阻塞当前线程,时间一过则当前线程可以执行,
countDown();//对计数器进行递减1操作,当计数器递减至0时,当前线程会去唤醒阻塞队列里的所有线程。
在构造函数中使用 CountDownLatch()来说设置两个值为1的计数器,然后在second和third函数中加入awati()函数进行等待,当计数器为0时被唤醒
代码:
class Foo {
private final CountDownLatch firstDone;
private final CountDownLatch secondDone;
public Foo() {
firstDone = new CountDownLatch(1);
secondDone = new CountDownLatch(1);
}
public void first(Runnable printFirst) throws InterruptedException {
// printFirst.run() outputs "first". Do not change or remove this line.
printFirst.run();
firstDone.countDown();
}
public void second(Runnable printSecond) throws InterruptedException {
firstDone.await();
// printSecond.run() outputs "second". Do not change or remove this line.
printSecond.run();
secondDone.countDown();
}
public void third(Runnable printThird) throws InterruptedException {
secondDone.await();
// printThird.run() outputs "third". Do not change or remove this line.
printThird.run();
}
}
方法三
使用信号量Semaphore ,先初始化信号量,不允许second和third函数运行,在first函数末尾调用release函数使得计数值加一,second函数可以运行;同理,在second函数结束后调用release函数增肌计数值,使得third()函数可以运行。
class Foo {
private Semaphore two = new Semaphore(0);
private Semaphore three = new Semaphore(0);
public Foo() {
}
public void first(Runnable printFirst) throws InterruptedException {
// printFirst.run() outputs "first". Do not change or remove this line.
printFirst.run();
two.release();
}
public void second(Runnable printSecond) throws InterruptedException {
two.acquire();
// printSecond.run() outputs "second". Do not change or remove this line.
printSecond.run();
three.release();
}
public void third(Runnable printThird) throws InterruptedException {
three.acquire();
// printThird.run() outputs "third". Do not change or remove this line.
printThird.run();
}
}
方法四
使用object和synchronized进行原子操作
public class Foo {
private int flag = 1;
private final Object object = new Object();
public Foo() {
}
public void first(Runnable printFirst) throws InterruptedException {
synchronized (object) {
while (flag != 1) object.wait();
printFirst.run();
flag = 2;
object.notifyAll();
}
}
public void second(Runnable printSecond) throws InterruptedException {
synchronized (object) {
while (flag != 2) object.wait();
printSecond.run();
flag = 3;
object.notifyAll();
}
}
public void third(Runnable printThird) throws InterruptedException {
synchronized (object) {
while (flag != 3) object.wait();
printThird.run();
}
}
}