web上课内容——服务器上的数据传递

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已于 2022-10-03 12:01:30 修改

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分类专栏： java web学习文章标签：服务器 servlet 前端

于 2022-10-03 09:29:09 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_51167531/article/details/127148940

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一、定义

1. 服务器上一个Servlet把数据传递到另一个Servlet的这种数据传递，我们称为服务器上的数据传递。

2. 程序把需要传递的数据进行保存：request.setAttribute(String“属性名”, Object o);（o是可以各种数据类型的对象，但设置后会作为Object类型保存在属性中）

3. 进行转发。转发：把当前程序的请求和响应对象传递给下面的程序，并运行调用下面这个程序。request.getRequestDispatcher("Servlet2").forward(request, response)

4. 程序获取数据：request.getAttribute(String“属性名”);接受到的值是Object类型对象，需要强制类型转换。

5. 处理之后再生成响应给浏览器。

二、上课例子——从Servlet1传递数据给Servlet2，并在网页上进行显示。

1. 按照以下文件目录进行Servlet1和Servlet2的文件创建。

2. Servlet1的编程代码如下：

package x;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Date;

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class Servlet1
 */
@WebServlet("/Servlet1")
public class Servlet1 extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public Servlet1() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		//response.getWriter().append("Served at: ").append(request.getContextPath());
		
		// 创建需要传递给另外一个Serlvet的数据
		String s = "Servlet1中的字符串";
		Date d = new Date();
		
		// 创建传递对象
		request.setAttribute("aa", s);
		request.setAttribute("bb", d);
		
		// 创建响应对象
		RequestDispatcher rd= request.getRequestDispatcher("Servlet2");
		rd.forward(request, response);
		// 上面两句语句可以转换为下面一句话
		// request.getRequestDispatcher("Servlet2").forward(request, response)
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		doGet(request, response);
	}

}

3. Servlet2的编程代码如下：

package x;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Date;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class Servlet2
 */
@WebServlet("/Servlet2")
public class Servlet2 extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public Servlet2() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		//response.getWriter().append("Served at: ").append(request.getContextPath());
		
		// 接收另外一个servlet传递过来的数据（接收时需要进行类型转换）
		String s = (String)request.getAttribute("aa");
		Date d = (Date)request.getAttribute("bb");
		
		
		// 解决将数据传递给网页时的中文显示问题
		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
		
		// 以下为服务器上html网页的标准写法
		//---------------------------------------------------------------------//
		// 进行网页显示代码编辑
		PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
		try {
			out.println("<html>");
			out.println("<head><title>first servlet</title></head>");
			out.println("<body>");
			out.println("<p><h1>服务器上的数据传递</h1></p>");
			out.println("<div style = color:red>");
			out.println("<p>接收到的第一个数据是：" + s + "</p>");
			out.println("<div style = color:blue>");
			out.println("<p>接收到的第二个数据是：" + d + "</p>");
			out.println("</body>");
			out.println("</html>");
			
		}finally {
			out.close();
		}
		//---------------------------------------------------------------------//
	}
	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		doGet(request, response);
	}

}

4. 网页展示如下：

三、上课练习题

1. 题目：用表单提交一个数字给Servlet1，在Servlet1中写算法判断这个数字是否是素数，后把数字和结果转发给Servlet2，Servlet2生成网页发给。

2. 创建文件目录如下：

3. NewFile.html代码编辑如下：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>

<from>
 
<!-- 将网页生成的数据传递到以下的url中，该url由servlet文件创建的 -->
<form action="Servlet1">
 
<!-- 用户名输入框 -->
输入一个需要传递的数据：<input type="text" name="n"><br>
<!-- 提交按钮 -->
<input type="submit">
 
</form>
</body>
</html>

4. Servlet1编程代码如下：

package x;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Date;

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class Servlet1
 */
@WebServlet("/Servlet1")
public class Servlet1 extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    /*
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public Servlet1() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		//response.getWriter().append("Served at: ").append(request.getContextPath());
		
		// 创建需要传递给另外一个Serlvet的数据
		int s = Integer.valueOf(request.getParameter("n"));
		String jg = "是素数";
		
		// 判断一个数是否为素数
		for(int i=2; i<s; i++) {
			if(s % i == 0) {
				jg = "不是素数";
				break;
			}
		}
		
		// 创建传递对象
		request.setAttribute("aa", s);
		request.setAttribute("bb", jg);
		
		// 创建响应对象
		RequestDispatcher rd= request.getRequestDispatcher("Servlet2");
		rd.forward(request, response);
		// 上面两句语句可以转换为下面一句话
		// request.getRequestDispatcher("Servlet2").forward(request, response)
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		doGet(request, response);
	}

}

5. Servlet2编程代码如下：

package x;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Date;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class Servlet2
 */
@WebServlet("/Servlet2")
public class Servlet2 extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public Servlet2() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		//response.getWriter().append("Served at: ").append(request.getContextPath());
		
		// 接收另外一个servlet传递过来的数据（接收时需要进行类型转换）
		int s = (int) request.getAttribute("aa");
		String jg = (String) request.getAttribute("bb");
		
		
		// 解决将数据传递给网页时的中文显示问题
		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
		
		// 以下为服务器上html网页的标准写法
		//---------------------------------------------------------------------//
		// 进行网页显示代码编辑
		PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
		try {
			out.println("<html>");
			out.println("<head><title>first servlet</title></head>");
			out.println("<body>");
			out.println("<p><h1>服务器上的数据传递</h1></p>");
			out.println("<div style = color:red>");
			out.println("<p>从网页上接收到的数字是：" + s + "</p>");
			out.println("<div style = color:blue>");
			out.println("<p>接收到数字" + s + jg + "。</p>");
			out.println("</body>");
			out.println("</html>");
			
		}finally {
			out.close();
		}
		//---------------------------------------------------------------------//
	}
	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		doGet(request, response);
	}

}

6. 网页展示如下：