目录
一、SpringCloud介绍
SpringCloud 是微服务一站式服务解决方案,微服务全家桶。它是微服务开发的主流技术栈。它采用了名称,而非数字版本号。
SpringCloud 和 springCloud Alibaba 目前是最主流的微服务框架组合。
SpringCloud版本选择
选用 springboot 和 springCloud 版本有约束,不按照它的约束会有冲突。
Cloud Release Train | Boot Version |
---|---|
Hoxton | 2.2.x, 2.3.x (Starting with SR5) |
Greenwich | 2.1.x |
Finchley | 2.0.x |
Edgwj | 1.5.x |
Dalston | 1.5.x |
查看版本对ces应关系:https://start.spring.io/actuator/info
课程所用软件版本
cloud | Hoxton.SR1 |
boot | 2.2.2.RELEASE |
cloud alibaba | 2.1.0.RELEASE |
java | java8 |
maven | 3.5及以上 |
mysql | 5.7及以上 |
题外话:boot版已经到2.2.4为最新,为什么选2.2.2?
- 如果项目中只用到 boot,直接用最ud,由cloud决定boot版本
- 同时用boot和cloud,需要照顾cloud,由cloud决定boot版本
Cloud各种组件的停更/升级/替换
以前:
现在(2020年):
1,Eureka停用,可以使用zk作为服务注册中心
2,服务调用,Ribbon准备停更,代替为LoadBalance
3,Feign改为OpenFeign
4,Hystrix停更,改为resilence4j,或者阿里巴巴的sentienl
5.Zuul改为gateway
6,服务配置Config改为 Nacos
7,服务总线Bus改为Nacos
参考资料:
SpringCloud:
- https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-static/Hoxton.SR1/reference/htmlsingle/
- Spring Cloud中文文档:https://www.bookstack.cn/read/spring-cloud-docs/docs-index.md
SpringBoot:
- https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.2.2.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/
二、微服务架构编码构建
约定 > 配置 > 编码
(一)构建父工程
1、微服务cloud整体聚合父工程Project
构建父工程,后面的项目模块都在此工程中:
设置编码:Settings -> File Encodings
注解激活:
Java版本确定:
2、父工程pom配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<!-- 统一管理 jar 包版本 -->
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
<lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
<mysql.version>5.1.47</mysql.version>
<druid.version>1.1.16</druid.version>
<mybatis.spring.boot.version>1.3.0</mybatis.spring.boot.version>
</properties>
<!-- 子块基础之后,提供作用:锁定版本 + 子module不用写 groupId 和 version -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 下面三个基本是微服务架构的标配 -->
<!--spring boot 2.2.2-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!--spring cloud Hoxton.SR1-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Hoxton.SR1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!--spring cloud 阿里巴巴-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!--mysql-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.version}</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- druid-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>${druid.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.spring.boot.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--junit-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--log4j-->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<fork>true</fork>
<addResources>true</addResources>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
3、Maven工程落地细节复习
<packaging>pom</packaging>用在父级工程或聚合工程中,用来做jar包的版本控制。
dependencyManagement说明:
Maven 使用dependencyManagement 元素来提供了一种管理依赖版本号的方式。通常会在一个组织或者项目的最顶层的父POM 中看到dependencyManagement 元素。使用pom.xml 中的dependencyManagement 元素能让所有在子项目中引用一个依赖而不用显式的列出版本号。Maven 会沿着父子层次向上走,直到找到一个拥有dependencyManagement 元素的项目,然后它就会使用这个dependencyManagement 元素中指定的版本号。
dependencyManagement里只是声明依赖,并不实现引入,因此子项目需要显示的声明需要用的依赖。如果不在子项目中声明依赖,是不会从父项目中继承下来的;只有在子项目中写了该依赖项,并且没有指定具体版本,才会从父项目中继承该项,并且version和scope都读取自父pom。如果子项目中指定了版本号,那么会使用子项目中指定的jar版本。
好处:如果有多个子项目都引用同一样依赖,则可以避免在每个使用的子项目里都声明一个版本号,这样当想升级或切换到另一个版本时,只需要在顶层父容器里更新,而不需要一个一个子项目的修改 ;另外如果某个子项目需要另外的一个版本,只需要声明version就可。
maven中跳过单元测试
父工程创建完成执行mvn:install将父工程发布到仓库方便子工程继承
(二)Rest微服务工程构建
1、支付Module模块8001
新建模块cloud-provider-payment8001
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
<groupId>springcloud</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>cloud-provider-payment8001</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.1.10</version>
</dependency>
<!--mysql-connector-java-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--jdbc-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
application.yml
server:
port: 8001
spring:
application:
name: cloud-payment-service # 项目名,也是注册的名字
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource #当前数据源操作类型
driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver #mysql驱动包
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db2019?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC
username: root
password: 12345
mybatis:
mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
# 所有Entity 别名类所在包
type-aliases-package: com.atguigu.springcloud.entities
主启动类
@SpringBootApplication
public class PaymentMain8001 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(PaymentMain8001.class,args);
}
}
建表SQL
create table `payment`(
`id` bigint(20) not null auto_increment comment 'ID',
`serial` varchar(200) default '',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
)ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
select * from payment;
实体类
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Payment implements Serializable {
private long id; //数据库是bigint
private String serial;
}
返回给前端的通用json数据串
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class CommonResult<T> {
private Integer code;
private String message;
private T data;
public CommonResult(Integer id,String message){
this(id,message,null);
}
}
dao
@Mapper
public interface PaymentDao {
public int create(Payment payment);
public Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id);
}
resource下创建mapper文件夹,新建mapper.xml。在yml里有所有entity别名类所在包,所有payment不用写全类名
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.atguigu.springcloud.springcloud.dao.PaymentDao">
<resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="Payment">
<id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
<id column="serial" property="serial" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
</resultMap>
<insert id="create" parameterType="Payment" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
insert into payment(serial) values(#{serial})
</insert>
<select id="getPaymentById" parameterType="Long" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
select * from payment where id = #{id}
</select>
</mapper>
service
public interface PaymentService {
public int create(Payment payment);
public Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id);
}
@Service
public class PaymentServiceImpl implements PaymentService {
@Resource
private PaymentDao paymentDao;
@Override
public int create(Payment payment){
return paymentDao.create(payment);
}
@Override
public Payment getPaymentById(Long id){
return paymentDao.getPaymentById(id);
}
}
controller
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController {
@Resource
private PaymentService paymentService;
@PostMapping(value = "/payment/create")
public CommonResult create(@RequestBody Payment payment){
int result = paymentService.create(payment);
log.info("***********插入结果:"+result);
if (result > 0){
return new CommonResult(200,"插入数据库成功",result);
}else {
return new CommonResult(444,"插入数据库失败",null);
}
}
@GetMapping(value = "/payment/get/{id}")
public CommonResult<Payment> getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
Payment payment = paymentService.getPaymentById(id);
log.info("***********查询结果:"+payment+"\t"+"oo哈哈");
if (payment!=null){
return new CommonResult(200,"查询成功",payment);
}else {
return new CommonResult(444,"查询失败",null);
}
}
}
使用Postman测试
json字符串
{"id": 2,"serial": "cdf"}
热部署配置devtools
代码改动后希望自动生效
1、具体模块里添加Jar包到工程中,上面的pom.xml已经添加上了
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
2、添加plugin到父工程的pom.xml中:上面也已经添加好了
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<fork>true</fork>
<addResources>true</addResources>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
shift + ctrl + alt + / 四个按键一块按,选择Reg项:
重启IDEA
热部署只允许在开发阶段使用
2、消费者订单Module模块80
新建模块cloud-consumer-order80
消费者现在只模拟调用提供者的Controller方法,没有持久层配置,只有Controller和实体类
当然也要配置主启动类和启动端口
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
<groupId>springcloud</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>cloud-consumer-order80</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<!-- 引入sleuth + zipkin -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--eureka-client-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- <dependency>-->
<!-- <!– 引入自己定义的api通用包,可以使用Payment支付Entity –>-->
<!-- <groupId>springcloud</groupId>-->
<!-- <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>-->
<!-- <version>${project.version}</version>-->
<!-- </dependency>-->
<!--热部署-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
application.yml
server:
port: 80
主启动类
@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderMain80 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(OrderMain80.class,args);
}
}
实体类
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Payment implements Serializable {
private long id;
private String serial;
}
返回给前端的通用json数据串
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class CommonResult<T> {
private Integer code;
private String message;
private T data;
public CommonResult(Integer code, String message) {
this(code, message, null);
}
}
RestTemplate介绍
RestTemplate提供了多种便捷访问远程Http服务的方法, 是一种简单便捷的访问restful服务模板类,是Spring提供的用于访问Rest服务的客户端模板工具集。
官网地址
https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/5.2.2.RELEASE/javadoc-api/org/springframework/web/client/RestTemplate.html
使用
使用restTemplate访问restful接口非常的简单粗暴无脑。(url, requestMap, ResponseBean.class)这三个参数分别代表 REST请求地址、请求参数、HTTP响应转换被转换成的对象类型。
config配置类
@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextConfig {
@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
controller
@Slf4j
@RestController
public class OrderController {
//远程调用的地址
public static final String PAYMENT_URL="http://localhost:8001";
@Resource
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@PostMapping("/consumer/payment/create")
public CommonResult<Payment> create(@RequestBody Payment payment){
return restTemplate.postForObject(PAYMENT_URL+"/payment/create",//请求地址
payment,//请求参数
CommonResult.class);//返回类型
}
@GetMapping("/consumer/payment/get/{id}")
public CommonResult<Payment> getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id")Long id){
return restTemplate.getForObject(PAYMENT_URL+"/payment/get/"+id,//请求地址
CommonResult.class);//返回类型
}
}
测试远程调用
json字符串
{"id": 3,"serial": "cdf"}
3、工程重构
系统中有重复部分
新建模块cloud-api-commons
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
<groupId>springcloud</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<!-- 这个是新添加的,之前没用到,后面会用到。关于这个hutool 是个功能强大的工具包,官网:https://hutool.cn/ -->
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
<artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
<version>5.1.0</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
实体类
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Payment implements Serializable {
private long id;
private String serial;
}
CommonResult通用封装类
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class CommonResult<T> {
private Integer code;
private String message;
private T data;
public CommonResult(Integer id,String message){
this(id,message,null);
}
}
maven命令clean install
订单80和支付8001分别改造,删除各自的原先有过的entities文件夹,分别粘贴
<dependency>
<groupId>springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>