Java HTTP 请求

 请求过程

1、将url转换成URL类  new URL(Url)
2、打开url连接       URL.openConnection();
3、连接设置         （get、post、put。。。）（超时时间）（传入参数类型）
5、建立连接          HttpURLConnection.connect();
6、获取请求数据      HttpURLConnection.getInputStream();
7、关闭连接          HttpURLConnection.disconnect();

  通过JDK网络类Java.net.HttpURLConnection发起请求

package com.request;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

public class HttpClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        HttpClient client = new HttpClient();
        //String rs = client.doGet("http://127.0.0.1:3000/api/workflow/v1/query?title=入门");
        //System.out.println(rs);
        //key=value形式
        //String rs = client.doPost("http://127.0.0.1:3000/api/workflow/v1/insert","title=软件测试3&author=赵瑞莲&price=87");
        //System.out.println(rs);
        String rs = client.doPost("http://127.0.0.1:3000/api/workflow/v1/insert2","{\"json\":\"测试333\"}");
        System.out.println(rs);
    }


    public String doGet(String httpurl) {
        HttpURLConnection connection = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        BufferedReader br = null;
        String result = null;// 返回结果字符串
        try {
            // 创建远程url连接对象
            URL url = new URL(httpurl);
            // 通过远程url连接对象打开一个连接，强转成httpURLConnection类
            connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            // 设置连接方式：get
            connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
            // 设置连接主机服务器的超时时间：15000毫秒
            connection.setConnectTimeout(3000);
            // 设置读取远程返回的数据时间：60000毫秒
            connection.setReadTimeout(3000);
            // 发送请求
            connection.connect();
            // 通过connection连接，获取输入流
            if (connection.getResponseCode() == 200) {
                is = connection.getInputStream();
                // 封装输入流is，并指定字符集
                br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8"));
                // 存放数据
                StringBuffer sbf = new StringBuffer();
                String temp = null;
                while ((temp = br.readLine()) != null) {
                    sbf.append(temp);
                    sbf.append("\r\n");
                }
                result = sbf.toString();
            }
        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // 关闭资源
            if (null != br) {
                try {
                    br.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

            if (null != is) {
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            connection.disconnect();// 关闭远程连接
        }
        return result;
    }

    public  String doPost(String httpUrl, String param) {

        HttpURLConnection connection = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        OutputStream os = null;
        BufferedReader br = null;
        String result = null;
        try {
            URL url = new URL(httpUrl);
            // 通过远程url连接对象打开连接
            connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            // 设置连接请求方式
            connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
            // 设置连接主机服务器超时时间：15000毫秒
            connection.setConnectTimeout(3000);
            // 设置读取主机服务器返回数据超时时间：60000毫秒
            connection.setReadTimeout(3000);

            // 默认值为：false，当向远程服务器传送数据/写数据时，需要设置为true
            connection.setDoOutput(true);
            // 默认值为：true，当前向远程服务读取数据时，设置为true，该参数可有可无
            connection.setDoInput(true);
            // 设置传入参数的格式:请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。
             connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json");
            //connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
            // 设置鉴权信息：Authorization: Bearer da3efcbf-0845-4fe3-8aba-ee040be542c0
            connection.setRequestProperty("Authorization", "Bearer da3efcbf-0845-4fe3-8aba-ee040be542c0");
            // 通过连接对象获取一个输出流
            os = connection.getOutputStream();
            // 通过输出流对象将参数写出去/传输出去,它是通过字节数组写出的
            os.write(param.getBytes());
            // 通过连接对象获取一个输入流，向远程读取
            if (connection.getResponseCode() == 200) {

                is = connection.getInputStream();
                // 对输入流对象进行包装:charset根据工作项目组的要求来设置
                br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8"));

                StringBuffer sbf = new StringBuffer();
                String temp = null;
                // 循环遍历一行一行读取数据
                while ((temp = br.readLine()) != null) {
                    sbf.append(temp);
                    sbf.append("\r\n");
                }
                result = sbf.toString();
            }
        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // 关闭资源
            if (null != br) {
                try {
                    br.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (null != os) {
                try {
                    os.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (null != is) {
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            // 断开与远程地址url的连接
            connection.disconnect();
        }
        return result;
    }
}

接收Json需要和服务器端商量

框架 ：jersey

JSON：import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;

    @POST
    @Path("/insert2")
    @Consumes(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)//接收参数为json(也可不写)
    public String PostJson(@Context HttpServletRequest request, JSON json) {
        System.out.println(request);
        System.out.println(json.toJSONString());
        return "{'222'}";
    }

结果： 

 

Content-Type 可参阅：Content-Type 详解_leoss.H的博客-CSDN博客_content-type