一路走来,如今已经开始学习Spring5了,不过还是个小菜鸟,此文章若有写的不好的地方大神勿喷,望指教。
今天学习的是IOC、DI
IOC
说明:
其意为:控制反转,以前传统的结构为DAO,Service,Servlet三层架构,但是不知道有没有发现,比如说:我在DAO层写了个A接口与A实现类,然后接下来我的Service层引用DAO层来调用A接口的方法,那么问题就在这里,如是用户要调用另外的类,那我是不是应该还要去Service层实现类去修改原来的代码,换个DAO层的引用,这样一来就要频繁调用其他DAO层的类。要么就要频繁更换Service实现类的调用DAO层的代码或是创建Service实现类。这样属于程序中的高耦合,不符合程序的设计规范(讲究高类聚,低耦合),每个层面之间都有互相依赖,影响全局。那么这种就是属于由业务层固定死的,我们要想解决这种病态,就可以将选择权交给用户,让用户去选择想要的功能,实现的方法或接口,这个时候就是要反转了(IOC),上代码!
项目结构
Maven依赖
此链接是对应上面项目结构的压缩包
spring-01-ioc1.rar-教育文档类资源-CSDN下载
或是直接去我博客的资源管理也可以看到
免费!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
大家打开资源可以看到,这样就是使用了xml的方式来解耦合,只要修改xml的调用(ref)接口即可
,再无需改动源代码
DI
使用DI(依赖注入可以简单理解为:使用了xml后怎么为实体类设值,注入值)
比如说,我可以先创建一个实体类
Address实体
public class Address {
private String address;
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Address{" +
"address='" + address + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
Student实体
import java.util.*;
public class Student {
private String name;
private Address address;
private String[] books;
private List<String> hobbies;
private Map<String, String> card;
private Set<String> game;
private Properties infor;
private String wife;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", address=" + address +
", books=" + Arrays.toString(books) +
", hobbies=" + hobbies +
", card=" + card +
", game=" + game +
", infor=" + infor +
", wife='" + wife + '\'' +
'}';
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Address getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(Address address) {
this.address = address;
}
public String[] getBooks() {
return books;
}
public void setBooks(String[] books) {
this.books = books;
}
public List<String> getHobbies() {
return hobbies;
}
public void setHobbies(List<String> hobbies) {
this.hobbies = hobbies;
}
public Map<String, String> getCard() {
return card;
}
public void setCard(Map<String, String> card) {
this.card = card;
}
public Set<String> getGame() {
return game;
}
public void setGame(Set<String> game) {
this.game = game;
}
public Properties getInfor() {
return infor;
}
public void setInfor(Properties infor) {
this.infor = infor;
}
public String getWife() {
return wife;
}
public void setWife(String wife) {
this.wife = wife;
}
}
applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--<bean id="student" class="实体的全限定名">
<!–1.普通值注入:value–>
<property name="name" value="哈哈哈"/>
</bean>-->
<bean id="address" class="实体的全限定名">
<property name="address" value="xian"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="student" class="实体的全限定名">
<property name="name" value="呜呜"/>
<!--<property name="name">
<value>哈哈</value>
</property>-->
<!--2.bean注入:ref-->
<property name="address" ref="address"/>
<!--数组注入-->
<property name="books">
<array>
<value>三国</value>
<value>西游</value>
<value>水浒</value>
</array>
</property>
<!--list-->
<property name="hobbies">
<list>
<value>eat</value>
<value>drink</value>
<value>play</value>
</list>
</property>
<!--map-->
<property name="card">
<map>
<entry key="1" value="12"/>
<entry key="2" value="23"/>
</map>
</property>
<!--set-->
<property name="game">
<set>
<value>wangzhe</value>
<value>daota</value>
<value>lol</value>
</set>
</property>
<property name="wife">
<null></null>
</property>
<!--properties-->
<property name="infor">
<props>
<prop key="id">20200405</prop>
<prop key="姓名">hdk</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
测试类test
import com.pojo.Student;
import com.pojo.User;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class MyTest {
@Test
public void test01(){
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("application.xml");
Student student = (Student) context.getBean("student");
System.out.println(student.toString());
/*通过set方式的注入是最核心的,这就是依赖注入,一定要定义set方法!*/
}
}
大家可以结合Student实体类的属性字段及类型来比较applicationContext.xml的类型注入(有注释),
这些就是常用类型的一些注入方式,一般用到set注入与构造器注入
构造器注入(这里为beans.xml)(在这里用的是有参构造,实体类必须提供无参构造!)
<bean id="AAA" class="实体的全限定名">
<constructor-arg name="实体的属性" value="值"/>
</bean>
测试:
@Test
public void test02() {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
User user = (User) context.getBean("AAA");
/*有参调用*/
}
User实体
public class User {
private String name;
public User() {
System.out.println("无参构造!");
}
public User(String name){
System.out.println("user name="+name);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
若是有不懂的欢迎留言,不高冷