重载符号函数之析构函数

题目要求：编写一个矩阵类，通过成员函数重载运算符实现矩阵的加法，数乘，乘法。

大家不用看具体的代码实现，主要关注的是重载运算符和析构函数部分，这是我想表达的重点。

代码1：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
static int counts = 0;
class Matrix {
private:
    int row;
    int column;
    int *matrix;
public:
    Matrix(){
        row = 0;
        column = 0;
        matrix = NULL;
    };
    Matrix(int m[2][2]){
        int i,j;
        row = 2;
        column = 2;
        matrix = new int[row*column];
        for (i = 0; i < row; i++) {
            for (j = 0; j < column; j++) {
                matrix[i*column+j] = m[i][j];
            }
        }
    };
    ~Matrix(){
        delete []matrix;
        cout << "已析构" << ++counts << "个对象" << endl;
    };
    void print(){
        int i,j;
        for (i = 0; i < row; i++) {
            for (j = 0 ; j < column; j++) {
                cout << matrix[i*row+j] << " " ;
            }
            cout << endl;
        }
    }
    friend Matrix operator+(Matrix m1,Matrix m2){
        int m[2][2];
        int i,j;
        for (i = 0; i < m1.row; i++) {
            for (j = 0; j < m1.column; j++) {
                m[i][j] = m1.matrix[i*m1.column+j]+m2.matrix[i*m1.column+j];
            }
        }
        return Matrix(m);
    }
    friend Matrix operator*(Matrix m1,Matrix m2){
        int m[2][2]={0,0,0,0};
        int i,j,k = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < m1.row; i++) {
            for(k = 0;k < m2.column;k++){
                for (j = 0; j < m1.column; j++) {
                    m[i][k] += m1.matrix[i*m1.column+j]*m2.matrix[j*m2.column+k];
                }
            }
        }
        return Matrix(m);
    }
    friend Matrix operator*(Matrix m1,int cst){
        int m[2][2];
        int i,j;
        for (i = 0; i < m1.row; i++) {
            for (j = 0; j < m1.column; j++) {
                m[i][j] = m1.matrix[i*m1.row+j]*cst;
            }
        }
        return Matrix(m);
    }
};

int main() {
    int v1[2][2] = {1,2,3,4};
    int v2[2][2] = {1,2,3,4};
    Matrix m1(v1), m2(v2);
    m1.print();
    m2.print();
    Matrix m3 = m1 + m2;
    m3.print();
    cout << "m3:我要被析构了" << endl;
    Matrix m4 = m3 * 10;
    cout << "m3:我被析构了" << endl;
    m4.print();
    Matrix m5 = m1 * m2;
    m5.print();
    return 0;
}

        在没有注释delete []matrix 下，Xcode、Visual Code 、Codeblock和Dev C运行结果图如下：

 

 

        可以看到，无一例外，每个编译器都报错了（事实上，Visual Code第一次还对了，但后来都是错的） 

        在注释掉delete []matrix之后，Xcode、Visual Code 、Codeblock和Dev C运行结果图如下：

 

 

         代码段2:根据代码一稍微修改，没有用friend的方法而已

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
static int counts = 0;
class Matrix {
private:
    int row;
    int column;
    int *matrix;
public:
    Matrix(){
        row = 0;
        column = 0;
        matrix = NULL;
    };
    Matrix(int m[2][2]){
        int i,j;
        row = 2;
        column = 2;
        matrix = new int[row*column];
        for (i = 0; i < row; i++) {
            for (j = 0; j < column; j++) {
                matrix[i*column+j] = m[i][j];
            }
        }
    };
    ~Matrix(){
        delete []matrix;
        cout << "已析构" << ++counts << "个对象" << endl;
    };
    void print(){
        int i,j;
        for (i = 0; i < row; i++) {
            for (j = 0 ; j < column; j++) {
                cout << matrix[i*row+j] << " " ;
            }
            cout << endl;
        }
    }
    Matrix operator+(Matrix m2){
        int m[2][2];
        int i,j;
        for (i = 0; i < row; i++) {
            for (j = 0; j < column; j++) {
                m[i][j] = matrix[i*column+j]+m2.matrix[i*column+j];
            }
        }
        return Matrix(m);
    }
    Matrix operator*(Matrix m2){
        int m[2][2]={0,0,0,0};
        int i,j,k = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < row; i++) {
            for(k = 0;k < m2.column;k++){
                for (j = 0; j < column; j++) {
                    m[i][k] += matrix[i*column+j]*m2.matrix[j*m2.column+k];
                }
            }
        }
        return Matrix(m);
    }
    Matrix operator*(int cst){
        int m[2][2];
        int i,j;
        for (i = 0; i < row; i++) {
            for (j = 0; j < column; j++) {
                m[i][j] = matrix[i*row+j]*cst;
            }
        }
        return Matrix(m);
    }
};

int main() {
    int v1[2][2] = {1,2,3,4};
    int v2[2][2] = {1,2,3,4};
    Matrix m1(v1), m2(v2);
    m1.print();
    m2.print();
    Matrix m3 = m1 + m2;
    m3.print();
    cout << "m3:我要被析构了" << endl;
    Matrix m4 = m3 * 10;
    cout << "m3:我被析构了" << endl;
    m4.print();
    Matrix m5 = m1 * m2;
    m5.print();
    return 0;
}

        在没有注释delete []matrix 下，Xcode、Visual Code 、Codeblock和Dev C运行结果图如下：

 

 

         在注释掉delete []matrix之后，Xcode、Visual Code 、Codeblock和Dev C运行结果图如下：

 

         以上可见，在注释delete []matrix之前，四种编译器都报出错误，但也同时在过程中析构了相应对象；在注释delete []matrix之后，只有Visual Code仍然报出错误，但是其他三种编译器都可以显示正确的矩阵运算结果。

        那为什么中间过程中会出现析构呢？

        现在知道在过程中出现多次析构对象的原因了，仅仅就是值传递的问题，使用引用赋值就不会有问题了，但还是没有解决pointer be freed was not located的问题，难道只能拷贝一次吗，是不是又会关于构造函数的拷贝问题，还是深浅拷贝的问题，有待研究。