Android 广播机制
1.广播机制简介
Android中的广播主要分为标准广播和有序广播.
标准广播(Normal broadcasts)是一种完全异步执行的广播,在广播发出之后,所有的 广播接收器几乎都会在同一时刻接收到这条广播消息,因此它们之间没有任何先后顺序可 言。这种广播的效率会比较高,但同时也意味着它是无法被截断的。
有序广播(Orderedbroadcasts)则是一种同步执行的广播,在广播发出之后,同一时刻 只会有一个广播接收器能够收到这条广播消息,当这个广播接收器中的逻辑执行完毕后,广 播才会继续传递。所以此时的广播接收器是有先后顺序的,优先级高的广播接收器就可以先 收到广播消息,并且前面的广播接收器还可以截断正在传递的广播,这样后面的广播接收器 就无法收到广播消息了。
2.接收系统广播
广播接收器可以自由地对自己感兴趣的广播进行注册,这样当有相应的广播发出时,广播接收器就能够接收到该广播,并在内部处理相应的逻辑…注册广播的方式有动态和静态注册.
1.动态注册监听事件变化
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private IntentFilter intentFilter;
private NetworkChangeReceiver networkChangeReceiver;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
intentFilter=new IntentFilter();
//广播监听器所要监听的广播,添加相应的action
intentFilter.addAction("android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE");
//进行注册
networkChangeReceiver=new NetworkChangeReceiver();
registerReceiver(networkChangeReceiver,intentFilter);
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
//取消注册
unregisterReceiver(networkChangeReceiver);
}
//每当网络状态发生变化时,onReceive()方法就会得到执行
class NetworkChangeReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Toast.makeText(context,"network changes",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}
进一步优化
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private IntentFilter intentFilter;
class NetworkChangeReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
//getSystemService()方法得到了ConnectivityManager的实例,这是一个系统服务类,专门用于管理网络连接的.
ConnectivityManager connectivityManager=(ConnectivityManager) getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
NetworkInfo networkInfo= connectivityManager.getActiveNetworkInfo();
//isAvailable()判断是否有网络
if(networkInfo!=null&& networkInfo.isAvailable()){
Toast.makeText(context,"network changes",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}else{
Toast.makeText(context,"network is unavailable",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}
}
AndroidManifest文件,设置访问系统网络状态的权限.
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
2.静态注册实现开机启动
New->Other->Broadcast Receiver自动创建广播接收器.
public class BootCompleteReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
// TODO: This method is called when the BroadcastReceiver is receiving
// an Intent broadcast.
Toast.makeText(context,"Boot Complete",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
AndroidManifest.xml
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />
<application
<receiver
android:name=".BootCompleteReceiver"
android:enabled="true"
android:exported="true">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
......
</application>
3.发送自定义广播
1.发送标准广播
//收到自定义广播就会弹出提示
public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Toast.makeText(context, "received in MyBroadcastReceiver", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
AndroidManifast.xml
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST"/>
</intent-filter>
在activity_main.xml中
<Button
android:id="@+id/button"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Send Broadcast"
tools:ignore="MissingConstraints" />
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private IntentFilter intentFilter;
class NetworkChangeReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
ConnectivityManager connectivityManager=(ConnectivityManager) getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
NetworkInfo networkInfo= connectivityManager.getActiveNetworkInfo();
if(networkInfo!=null&& networkInfo.isAvailable()){
Toast.makeText(context,"network changes",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}else{
Toast.makeText(context,"network is unavailable",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Button button=(Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
Intent intent=new Intent("com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST");
sendBroadcast(intent);
}
});
}
}
2.发送有序广播
新建一项目,新建AnotherBroadcastReceiver
public class AnotherBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Toast.makeText(context, "received in AnotherBroadcastReceiver", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
在AndroidManifest.xml中修改
<receiver
android:name=".AnotherBroadcastReceiver"
android:enabled="true"
android:exported="true">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
将原项目修改
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private IntentFilter intentFilter;
class NetworkChangeReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
ConnectivityManager connectivityManager=(ConnectivityManager) getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
NetworkInfo networkInfo= connectivityManager.getActiveNetworkInfo();
if(networkInfo!=null&& networkInfo.isAvailable()){
Toast.makeText(context,"network changes",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}else{
Toast.makeText(context,"network is unavailable",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Button button=(Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
Intent intent=new Intent("com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST");
//修改此处
sendOrderedBroadcast(intent,null);
}
});
}
}
定义先后顺序
AndroidManifest.xml中
<intent-filter android:priority="100">
...
</intent-filter>
拦截广播
public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Toast.makeText(context, "received in MyBroadcastReceiver", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
abortBroadcast();//拦截
}
}
4.使用本地广播
Android引入了一套本地广播机制,这个机制发出的广播只能够在应用程序内部进行传递,并且广播的接收器也只能接受来自本应用程序发出的广播.
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private IntentFilter intentFilter;
private LocalReceiver localReceiver;
private LocalBroadcastManager localBroadcastManager;
class NetworkChangeReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
ConnectivityManager connectivityManager=(ConnectivityManager) getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
NetworkInfo networkInfo= connectivityManager.getActiveNetworkInfo();
if(networkInfo!=null&& networkInfo.isAvailable()){
Toast.makeText(context,"network changes",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}else{
Toast.makeText(context,"network is unavailable",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
//获取实例
localBroadcastManager=LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this);
Button button=(Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
Intent intent=new Intent("com.example.broadcasttest.LOCAL_BROADCAST");
localBroadcastManager.sendBroadcast(intent);//发送本地广播
}
});
intentFilter=new IntentFilter();
intentFilter.addAction("com.example.broadcasttest.LOCAL_BROADCAST");
localReceiver=new LocalReceiver();
localBroadcastManager.registerReceiver(localReceiver,intentFilter);//注册本地广播监听其
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
localBroadcastManager.unregisterReceiver(localReceiver);
}
class LocalReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Toast.makeText(context, "received local broadcast", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}
本地广播的优势
1.可以明确的知道正在发送的广播不会离开我们的程序,因此不必担心机密数据泄露.
2.其他的程序无法将广播发送到我们的程序的内部,因此不需要担心会有安全漏洞的隐患.
3.发送本地广播比发送系统全局广播将会更加高效.