运用手机多媒体
1.使用通知
通知(notification)当某个应用程序希望向用户发出一些提示信息,而该应用程序又不在前台运行时,就可以借助通知来实现.
1.创建通知渠道
渠道通知:每条通知都要有属于一个对应的渠道.每个应用程序都可以自由的创建当前应用拥有那些通知渠道,但通知渠道的控制权是掌握在用户手上.
需要一个NotificationManager对通知进行管理,可以通过调用Context的getSystemService()方法获取.getSystemService()方法接收一个字符串参数用于确定获取系统的那个服务.
NotificationManager manager=(NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE)
在使用NotificationChannel类构建一个通知渠道,并调用NotificationManager的createNotificationChannel()方法完成创建.两个方法是Android 8.0系统新增还需要进行版本判断.
if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT>=Build.VERSION_CODES.0){
//渠道ID,渠道名称,重要等级
NotificationChannel channel=NotificationChannel(channelId,channelName,importance);
manager.createNotificationChannel(channel);
}
重要等级有:IMPORTANCE,IMPORTANCE_DEFAULT,IMPORTANCE_LOW,IMPORTANCE_MIN
2.通知的基本用法
需要使用一个Builder构造器来创建Notification对象,为了解决版本的不同,support-v4库提供了一个NotificationCompat类.
Notification notification=new NotificationCompat().Builder(this) .setContentTitle("This is content title")//标题内容 .setContentText("This is content text")//正文内容 .setWhen(System.currentTimeMillis())//被创建的时间 .setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher) //设置通知图标大小
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.onClickListener{
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Button sendNotice=(Button) findViewById(R.id.send_notice);
sendNotice.setOnClickListener(this);
}
public void onClick(View v){
switch(v.getId()){
case R.id.send_notice:
NotificationManager manager=(NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
Notification notification=new NotificationCompat().Builder(this)
.setContentTitle("This is content title")
.setContentText("This is content text")
.setWhen(System.currentTimeMillis())
.setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)
.setLargeIcon(BitampFactory.decodeResource(getResources(),R.mipmap.ic_launcher)).build();
manager.notify(1,notification);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
添加点击功能
新建notification_layout.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".NotificationActivity">
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
android:textSize="24sp"
android:text="This is notification layout"/>
</RelativeLayout>
public void onClick(View v){
switch(v.getId()){
case R.id.send_notice:
Intent intent=new Intent(this,NotificationActivity.class);
PendingIntent pi=PendingIntent.getActivity(this,0,intent,0);
NotificationManager manager=(NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
Notification notification=new NotificationCompat().Builder(this)
.setContentTitle("This is content title")
.setContentText("This is content text")
.setWhen(System.currentTimeMillis())
.setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)
.setLargeIcon(BitampFactory.decodeResource(getResources(),R.mipmap.ic_launcher))
.setContentIntent(pi)
.build();
manager.notify(1,notification);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
添加消失功能
方法一:
Notification notification=new NotificationCompat().Builder(this)
.setContentTitle("This is content title")
.setContentText("This is content text")
.setWhen(System.currentTimeMillis())
.setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)
.setLargeIcon(BitampFactory.decodeResource(getResources(),R.mipmap.ic_launcher))
.setContentIntent(pi)
//添加,会自动消失
.setAutoCancel(true);
.build();
方法二:
public class NotificationActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.notification_layout);
NotificationManager manager=(NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
manager.cancel(1);
}
}
2.调用摄像头和相册
1.调用摄像头拍照
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/picture"
android:gravity="center_horizontal"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
/>
<Button
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/take_photo"
android:text="Take Photo"/>
</LinearLayout>
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
public static final int TAKE_PHOTO=1;
private ImageView picture;
private Uri imageUri;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Button takePhoto=(Button) findViewById(R.id.take_photo);
picture= (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.picture);
takePhoto.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
//创建File对象,用于存储拍照的图片
File outputImage=new File(getExternalCacheDir(),"output_image.jpg");
try {
if(outputImage.exists()){
outputImage.delete();
}
outputImage.createNewFile();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT>=24){
imageUri= FileProvider.getUriForFile(MainActivity.this,"com.example.cameraalbumtest.fileprovider",outputImage);
}else{
imageUri=Uri.fromFile(outputImage);
}
//启动相机程序
Intent intent=new Intent("android.media.action.IMAGE_CAPTURE");
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT,imageUri);
startActivityForResult(intent,TAKE_PHOTO);
}
});
}
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
switch (requestCode) {
case TAKE_PHOTO:
if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
try {
//将拍摄的照片显示出来
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(getContentResolver().openInputStream(imageUri));
picture.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
AndroidManifest.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.cameraalbumtest">
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/Theme.CameraAlbumTest">
<provider
android:authorities="com.example.cameraalbumtest.fileprovider"
android:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider"
android:exported="false"
android:grantUriPermissions="true">
<meta-data
android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
android:resource="@xml/file_paths"/>
</provider>
<activity
android:name=".MainActivity"
android:exported="true">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>
file_paths.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<external-path
name="my_images"
path="/"/>
</paths>
为了兼容老版本SD卡应用关联目录
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.cameraalbumtest">
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
...
</manifest>
2.从相册中选择照片
添加activity_main.xml
<Button
android:id="@+id/choose_from_album"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:text="Choose From Album"/>
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
public static final int TAKE_PHOTO = 1;
public static final int CHOOSE_PHOTO = 2;
private ImageView picture;
private Uri imageUri;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Button takePhoto = (Button) findViewById(R.id.take_photo);
Button chooseFromAlbum = (Button) findViewById(R.id.choose_from_album);
picture = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.picture);
takePhoto.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// 创建File对象，用于存储拍照后的图片
File outputImage = new File(getExternalCacheDir(), "output_image.jpg");
try {
if (outputImage.exists()) {
outputImage.delete();
}
outputImage.createNewFile();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 24) {
imageUri = Uri.fromFile(outputImage);
} else {
imageUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(MainActivity.this, "com.example.cameraalbumtest.fileprovider", outputImage);
}
// 启动相机程序
Intent intent = new Intent("android.media.action.IMAGE_CAPTURE");
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, imageUri);
startActivityForResult(intent, TAKE_PHOTO);
}
});
chooseFromAlbum.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[]{ Manifest.permission. WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE }, 1);
} else {
openAlbum();
}
}
});
}
private void openAlbum() {
Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.GET_CONTENT");
intent.setType("image/*");
startActivityForResult(intent, CHOOSE_PHOTO); // 打开相册
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
switch (requestCode) {
case 1:
if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
openAlbum();
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "You denied the permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
break;
default:
}
}
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
switch (requestCode) {
case TAKE_PHOTO:
if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
try {
// 将拍摄的照片显示出来
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(getContentResolver().openInputStream(imageUri));
picture.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
break;
case CHOOSE_PHOTO:
if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
// 判断手机系统版本号
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 19) {
// 4.4及以上系统使用这个方法处理图片
handleImageOnKitKat(data);
} else {
// 4.4以下系统使用这个方法处理图片
handleImageBeforeKitKat(data);
}
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
@TargetApi(19)
private void handleImageOnKitKat(Intent data) {
String imagePath = null;
Uri uri = data.getData();
Log.d("TAG", "handleImageOnKitKat: uri is " + uri);
if (DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(this, uri)) {
// 如果是document类型的Uri，则通过document id处理
String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
if("com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())) {
String id = docId.split(":")[1]; // 解析出数字格式的id
String selection = MediaStore.Images.Media._ID + "=" + id;
imagePath = getImagePath(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, selection);
} else if ("com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())) {
Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"), Long.valueOf(docId));
imagePath = getImagePath(contentUri, null);
}
} else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
// 如果是content类型的Uri，则使用普通方式处理
imagePath = getImagePath(uri, null);
} else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
// 如果是file类型的Uri，直接获取图片路径即可
imagePath = uri.getPath();
}
displayImage(imagePath); // 根据图片路径显示图片
}
private void handleImageBeforeKitKat(Intent data) {
Uri uri = data.getData();
String imagePath = getImagePath(uri, null);
displayImage(imagePath);
}
private String getImagePath(Uri uri, String selection) {
String path = null;
// 通过Uri和selection来获取真实的图片路径
Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(uri, null, selection, null, null);
if (cursor != null) {
if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
path = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA));
}
cursor.close();
}
return path;
}
private void displayImage(String imagePath) {
if (imagePath != null) {
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imagePath);
picture.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "failed to get image", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}
4.播放多媒体文件
1.播放音频
创建出一个MediaPlayer对象,然后调用setDataSource()方法来设置音频文件的路径,在调用prepare()方法使MediaPlar进入准备状态,调用start()方法开始播放音频,pause()方法暂停播放,reset()方法停止播放.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<Button
android:id="@+id/play"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Play" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/pause"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Pause" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/stop"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Stop" />
</LinearLayout>
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{
private MediaPlayer mediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer();
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Button play = (Button) findViewById(R.id.play);
Button pause = (Button) findViewById(R.id.pause);
Button stop = (Button) findViewById(R.id.stop);
play.setOnClickListener(this);
pause.setOnClickListener(this);
stop.setOnClickListener(this);
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[]{ Manifest.permission. WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE }, 1);
} else {
initMediaPlayer(); // 初始化MediaPlayer
}
}
private void initMediaPlayer() {
try {
File file = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), "music.mp3");
mediaPlayer.setDataSource(file.getPath()); // 指定音频文件的路径
mediaPlayer.prepare(); // 让MediaPlayer进入到准备状态
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
switch (requestCode) {
case 1:
if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
initMediaPlayer();
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "拒绝权限将无法使用程序", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
finish();
}
break;
default:
}
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.play:
if (!mediaPlayer.isPlaying()) {
mediaPlayer.start(); // 开始播放
}
break;
case R.id.pause:
if (mediaPlayer.isPlaying()) {
mediaPlayer.pause(); // 暂停播放
}
break;
case R.id.stop:
if (mediaPlayer.isPlaying()) {
mediaPlayer.reset(); // 停止播放
initMediaPlayer();
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
if (mediaPlayer != null) {
mediaPlayer.stop();
mediaPlayer.release();
}
}
}
AndroidManifest.xml
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
2.播放视频
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity"
android:orientation="vertical">
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" >
<Button
android:id="@+id/play"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:text="Play" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/pause"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:text="Pause" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/replay"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:text="Replay" />
</LinearLayout>
<VideoView
android:id="@+id/video_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</LinearLayout>
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{
private VideoView videoView;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
videoView = (VideoView) findViewById(R.id.video_view);
Button play = (Button) findViewById(R.id.play);
Button pause = (Button) findViewById(R.id.pause);
Button replay = (Button) findViewById(R.id.replay);
play.setOnClickListener(this);
pause.setOnClickListener(this);
replay.setOnClickListener(this);
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[]{ Manifest.permission. WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE }, 1);
} else {
initVideoPath(); // 初始化MediaPlayer
}
}
private void initVideoPath() {
File file = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), "movie.mp4");
videoView.setVideoPath(file.getPath()); // 指定视频文件的路径
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
switch (requestCode) {
case 1:
if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
initVideoPath();
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "拒绝权限将无法使用程序", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
finish();
}
break;
default:
}
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.play:
if (!videoView.isPlaying()) {
videoView.start(); // 开始播放
}
break;
case R.id.pause:
if (videoView.isPlaying()) {
videoView.pause(); // 暂停播放
}
break;
case R.id.replay:
if (videoView.isPlaying()) {
videoView.resume(); // 重新播放
}
break;
}
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
if (videoView != null) {
videoView.suspend();
}
}
}
AndroidManifest.xml获取权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
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