1.常用命令 表
命令名称
|
作用
|
git config --global user.name
用户名
|
设置用户签名
|
git config --global user.email
邮箱
|
设置用户签名
|
git init
|
初始化本地库
|
git status
|
查看本地库状态
|
git add
文件名
|
添加到暂存区
|
git commit -m "
日志信息
"
文件名
|
提交到本地库
|
git reflog
|
查看历史记录
|
git reset --hard
版本号
|
版本穿梭
|
(使用命令时,你可以直接进入 ,你的git项目,右键点击git bash here的窗口页面实现)
2.分步讲解
2.1 设置用户签名
1
)基本语法
git config --global user.name
用户名
git config --global user.email
邮箱
2
)案例实操
Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)$ git config --global user.name LayneLayne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)$ git config --global user.email Layne@atguigu.comLayne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)$ cat ~/.gitconfig[user]name = Layneemail = Layne@atguigu.com 这是文件中的内容说明:签名的作用是区分不同操作者身份。用户的签名信息在每一个版本的提交信息中能够看到,以此确认本次提交是谁做的。 Git 首次安装必须设置一下用户签名,否则无法提交代码。※注意: 这里设置用户签名和将来登录 GitHub (或其他代码托管中心)的账号没有任何关系。
2.2 初始化本地库
1
)基本语法
git init
2
)案例实操
Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720$ git initInitialized empty Git repository in D:/Git-Space/SH0720/.git/Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)$ ll -atotal 4drwxr-xr-x 1 Layne 197609 0 11 月 25 14:07 . /drwxr-xr-x 1 Layne 197609 0 11 月 25 14:07 .. /drwxr-xr-x 1 Layne 197609 0 11 月 25 14:07 .git / ( .git 初始化的效果,生成 git )
3
)结果查看(这是一个隐藏文件,要点击查看 里面的隐藏项目)
2.3 查看本地库状态
1
)基本语法
git status
2
)案例实操
2.3.1
首次查看(工作区没有任何文件)
Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)$ git statusOn branch masterNo commits yetnothing to commit (create/copy files and use "git add" to track)
2.3.2
新增文件(
hello.txt
)
Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)$ vim hello.txthello git! hello atguigu!hello git! hello atguigu!hello git! hello atguigu!hello git! hello atguigu!hello git! hello atguigu!hello git! hello atguigu!
2.3.3
再次查看(检测到未追踪的文件)
Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)$ git statusOn branch masterNo commits yetUntracked files:(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)hello.txtnothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add"to track)
2.4 添加暂存区
2.4.1
将工作区的文件添加到暂存区
1
)基本语法
git add 文件名
2
)案例实操
Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)$ git add hello.txtwarning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in hello.txt.The file will have its original line endings in your workingdirectory.
2.4.2
查看状态(检测到暂存区有新文件)
Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)$ git statusOn branch masterNo commits yetChanges to be committed:(use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)new file: hello.txt
2.5
提交
本地库
2.5.1
将暂存区的文件提交到本地库
1
)基本语法
git
commit
-m "
日志信息
"
文件名
2
)案例实操
Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)$ git commit -m "my first commit" hello.txtwarning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in hello.txt.The file will have its original line endings in your workingdirectory.[master (root-commit) 86366fa] my first commit1 file changed, 16 insertions(+)create mode 100644 hello.txt
2.5.2
查看状态(没有文件需要提交)
Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)$ git statusOn branch masternothing to commit, working tree clean
2.6 修改文件(hello.txt)
Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)$ vim hello.txthello git! hello atguigu! 2222222222222hello git! hello atguigu!hello git! hello atguigu!hello git! hello atguigu!hello git! hello atguigu!hello git! hello atguigu!
2.6.1
查看状态(检测到工作区有文件被修改)
Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)$ git statusOn branch masterChanges not staged for commit:(use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)(use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in workingdirectory)modified: hello.txtno changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
2.6.2
将修改的文件再次添加暂存区
Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)$ git add hello.txtwarning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in hello.txt.The file will have its original line endings in your workingdirectory.
2.6.3
查看状态(工作区的修改添加到了暂存区)
Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)$ git statusOn branch masterChanges to be committed:(use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)modified: hello.txt
2.7
历史版本
2.7.1
查看历史版本
1
)基本语法
git reflog 查看版本信息
git log 查看版本详细信息
2
)案例实操
Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)$ git reflog087a1a7 ( HEAD -> master ) HEAD@{0}: commit: my third commitca8ded6 HEAD@{1}: commit: my second commit86366fa HEAD@{2}: commit (initial): my first commit
2.7.2
版本穿梭
1
)基本语法
git reset --hard 版本号
2
)案例实操
-- 首先查看当前的历史记录,可以看到当前是在 087a1a7 这个版本Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)$ git reflog087a1a7 (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{0}: commit: my third commitca8ded6 HEAD@{1}: commit: my second commit86366fa HEAD@{2}: commit (initial): my first commit-- 切换到 86366fa 版本,也就是我们第一次提交的版本Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)$ git reset --hard 86366faHEAD is now at 86366fa my first commit-- 切换完毕之后再查看历史记录,当前成功切换到了 86366fa 版本Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)$ git reflog86366fa (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{0}: reset: moving to 86366fa087a1a7 HEAD@{1}: commit: my third commitca8ded6 HEAD@{2}: commit: my second commit86366fa (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{3}: commit (initial): my first commit-- 然后查看文件 hello.txt ,发现文件内容已经变化$ cat hello.txthello git! hello atguigu!hello git! hello at